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. 2022 Jun 28;7:70. doi: 10.1038/s41541-022-00496-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Pigs (8–9 weeks old) that were FMD antibody-seropositive (MDA(+), n = 16) or FMD antibody-seronegative (MDA(−), n = 16) animals were divided into three groups, respectively: a negative control group (NC, n = 4/group), a positive control group (PC, n = 6/group), and an experimental group (Exp., n = 6/group). The Exp. group were administered the test vaccines containing 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2-C3d + A22-C3d antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)₃, and 150 μg Quil-A. The positive control group received 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2 + A22 antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)₃, and 150 μg Quil-A. A negative control (NC) group was injected with the same volume of PBS. The vaccination was performed twice at 28-day intervals, with 1 mL vaccine (1 dose) injected via a deep intramuscular route on the animals’ necks. Blood samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days post vaccination in pigs for serological assays. (a–i) Study strategy (a); SP O antibody titers (PrioCheck^TM kit) in MDA(+) pigs (b); SP O antibody titers (VDPro^® kit) in MDA(+) pigs (c); SP A antibody titers (PrioCheck^TM kit) in MDA(+) pigs (d); SP A antibody titers (VDPro^® kit) in MDA(+) pigs (e); SP O antibody titers (PrioCheck^TM kit) in MDA(−) pigs (f); SP O antibody titers (VDPro^® kit) in MDA(−) pigs (g); SP A antibody titers (PrioCheck^TM kit) in MDA(−) pigs (h); SP A antibody titers (VDPro^® kit) in MDA(−) pigs (i). The data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate measurements (n = 4 or 6/group). Statistical analyses were performed using a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001; and ^****p < 0.001.