Table 2.
Sex Differences in Current Psychiatric Disorder Prevalence Rates at Age 15 in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) Study
| Girls | Boys | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MINI-KID MODULES (DSM 5;Current) | n=326 | n=344 | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence interval) | Significance of Differences Between Girls and Boys | N=670 |
| Major Depressive Disorder | 19 (6%) | 7 (2%) | 0.3 (0.1 – 0.8) | * | 26 (4%) |
| Suicidality | 17 (5%) | 10 (3%) | 0.6 (0.3 – 1.2) | n.s. | 27 (4%) |
| Suicide Behavior Disorder | 8 (3%) | 7(2%) | 0.8 (0.3 – 2.3) | n.s. | 15 (2%) |
| Manic Episode | 11 (3.%) | 11 (3%) | 1.0 (0.4 – 2.2) | n.s. | 22 (3%) |
| Hypomanic Episode | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0 – Inf) | n.s. | 2 (<1%) |
| Bipolar I Disorder | 5 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 0.4 (0.1 – 2.0) | n.s. | 7 (1%) |
| Bipolar II Disorder | 1 (<1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0 – Inf) | n.s. | 1 (<1%) |
| Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder | 1 (<1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0 – Inf) | n.s. | 1 (<1%) |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 37 (11%) | 18 (5%) | 0.4 (0.2 – 0.8) | ** | 55 (8%) |
| Panic Disorder | 10 (3%) | 5 (1%) | 0.5 (0.2 – 1.4) | n.s. | 15 (2%) |
| Agoraphobia | 22 (7%) | 4 (1%) | 0.2 (0.1 – 0.5) | *** | 26 (4%) |
| Separation Anxiety Disorder | 19 (6%) | 6 (2%) | 0.3 (0.1 – 0.7) | ** | 25 (4%) |
| Social Anxiety Disorder | 26 (8%) | 9 (3%) | 0.3 (0.1 – 0.7) | ** | 35 (5%) |
| Specific Phobia | 23 (7%) | 13 (4%) | 0.5 (0.3 – 1.0) | n.s. | 36 (5%) |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 19 (6%) | 10 (3%) | 0.5 (0.2 – 1.1) | n.s. | 29 (4%) |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 4 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 0.7 (0.2 – 3.2) | n.s. | 7 (1%) |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | 1 (<1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0 – Inf) | n.s. | 1 (<1%) |
| Substance Use Disorder | 1 (<1%) | 3 (1%) | 2.9 (0.3 – 27.6) | n.s. | 4 (1%) |
| Tourette’s Disorder | 1 (<1%) | 3 (1%) | 2.9 (0.3 – 27.6) | n.s. | 4 (1%) |
| Persistent Chronic Motor Tic Disorder | 8 (3%) | 12 (4%) | 1.4 (0.6 – 3.6) | n.s. | 20 (3%) |
| Persistent Chronic Vocal Tic Disorder | 3 (1%) | 1 (<1%) | 0.3 (0.0 – 3.0) | n.s. | 4 (1%) |
| Provisional Tic Disorder | 4 (1%) | 5 (2%) | 1.2 (0.3 – 4.5) | n.s. | 9 (1%) |
| ADHD Combined | 16 (5%) | 27 (8%) | 1.7 (0.9 – 3.1) | n.s. | 43 (6%) |
| ADHD Inattentive | 25 (8%) | 37 (11%) | 1.5 (0.9 – 2.5) | n.s. | 62 (9%) |
| ADHD hyperactive | 3 (1%) | 13 (4%) | 4.2 (1.2 – 15.0) | * | 16 (2%) |
| Conduct Disorder | 1 (<1%) | 6 (2%) | 5.8 (0.7 – 48.3) | n.s. | 7 (1%) |
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | 6 (2%) | 8 (2%) | 1.3 (0.4 – 3.7) | n.s. | 14 (2%) |
| Any Psychotic Disorder | 4 (1%) | 1 (<1%) | 0.2 (0.0 – 2.1) | n.s. | 5 (1%) |
| Major Depressive Disorder with Psychotic Features | 2 (1%) | 1 (<1%) | 0.5 (0.0 – 5.3) | n.s. | 3 (<1%) |
| Bipolar Disorder with Psychotic Features | 5 (2%) | 1 (<1%) | 0.2 (0.0 – 1.6) | n.s. | 6 (1%) |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1.0 (0.1 – 6.8) | n.s. | 4 (1%) |
| Bulimia Nervosa | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0 – Inf) | n.s. | 0 (0%) |
| Binge Eating Disorder | 1 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 1.0 (0.1 – 15.2) | n.s. | 2 (<1%) |
| Adjustment Disorders | 1 (<1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0 – Inf) | n.s. | 1 (<1%) |
Note: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; MINI-KID = Mini International Neuropsychiatrie Interview for Children and Adolescents.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001 (significant after Bonferroni correction); n.s.p ≥ .05.