Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and outcomes of SA-AKI patients in the training, validation and internal test sets.
| Variables | Training set (n = 6,066) | Validation set (n = 3,639) | Internal test set (n = 2,427) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 69 (58–79) | 70 (59–80) | 69 (59–80) |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 3,501 (57.7) | 2,089 (57.4) | 1,330 (54.8) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| White | 4,182 (68.9) | 2,505 (68.8) | 1,730 (71.3) |
| Black | 512 (8.4) | 332 (9.1) | 219 (9.0) |
| Hispanic | 195 (3.2) | 109 (3.0) | 71 (2.9) |
| Asian | 139 (2.3) | 94 (2.6) | 34 (1.4) |
| Other/Unknown | 1,038 (17.1) | 599 (16.5) | 373 (15.4) |
| Baseline serum creatinine | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
| Positive cultures*, n (%) | |||
| Respiratory culture | 960 (15.8) | 603 (16.6) | 347 (14.3) |
| Blood culture | 648 (10.7) | 391 (10.7) | 229 (9.4) |
| Urine culture | 1,044 (17.2) | 616 (16.9) | 375 (15.5) |
| Wound culture | 213 (3.5) | 134 (3.7) | 75 (3.1) |
| Fluid culture | 199 (3.3) | 116 (3.2) | 90 (3.7) |
| MRSA screen | 310 (5.1) | 189 (5.2) | 109 (4.5) |
| Tissue | 97 (1.6) | 67 (1.8) | 38 (1.6) |
| Anaerobic culture | 108 (1.8) | 64 (1.8) | 41 (1.7) |
| Fungal culture | 154 (2.5) | 86 (2.4) | 65 (2.7) |
| KDIGO diagnostic criteria, n (%) | |||
| Serum creatinine | 540 (8.9) | 345 (9.5) | 229 (9.4) |
| Urine output | 3,467 (57.2) | 2,035 (55.9) | 1,368 (56.4) |
| Both | 2,059 (33.9) | 1,259 (34.6) | 830 (34.2) |
| Outcomes | |||
| In-hospital mortality#, n (%) | 1,127 (18.6) | 620 (17.0) | 444 (18.3) |
| ICU length of stay | 4 (3–8) | 4 (3–8) | 4 (3–8) |
| Hospital length of stay | 10 (6–16) | 9 (6–16) | 9 (6–16) |
| Use of RRT#, n (%) | 562 (9.3) | 325 (8.9) | 224 (9.2) |
MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; KDIGO, kidney disease: improving global outcomes; ICU, intensive care unit; RRT, renal replacement therapy. Continuous variables were presented as median (interquartile range) and categorical variables were presented as n (%).
*
Positive cultures taken during the suspected infection time.
#
In the first 28 days after ICU admission.