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. 2022 Jun 15;10:904539. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.904539

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Copyright © 2022 Liebsch and Wilke.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Intercostal muscle removal. The relative range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) changes of the thoracic spine (T1–T12) in flexion/extension (FE), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR) after intercostal muscle removal according to Liebsch et al. (2017a).