TABLE 2.

Summary of quasi-static and intradiscal pressure outcome parameters presented in this review. The box contents reflect the trend and the predominantly affected motion plane.

Transection/resection type	ROM	NZ	NZS	EZS	IDP
Intercostal muscle removal	↑ AR	↑ LB
Longitudinal sternal transection	↑ AR	↑↑ AR
Transverse sternal fracture	↑ FE
Transverse anterior intersegmental transection	↑↑ AR	↑↑ AR
Sternal release	↑ FE
Anterior rib cage removal	↑↑ AR	↑↑↑ AR	↓↓ AR	↓↓ AR	↑↑↑ AR
Complete rib cage removal	↑↑↑ AR	↑↑↑ AR

ROM, range of motion; NZ, neutral zone; NZS/EZS, neutral/elastic zone stiffness; IDP, intradiscal pressure; ↑/↓, 0-50% change; ↑↑/↓↓, 50-100% change; ↑↑↑/↓↓↓, >100% change; FE, flexion/extension; LB, lateral bending; AR, axial rotation; Bold font, reported in at least two studies; Italic font, solely FE, tested.