IgG-glycosylation analysis workflow and results by LC-MS. a, Schematic representation of the workflow for antigen(spike)-specific IgG1 glycosylation analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS); b, Representative mass spectra of N297 IgG1-Fc glycopeptides. Shown are anti-spike IgG1 of two individuals with low (top) and high (bottom) anti-spike IgG fucosylation. The IgG1 Fc glycopeptides elute as a cluster under selected LC conditions, and we display a sum spectrum of their elution range. Many non-glycosylated peptides are outside this elution and m/z window and therefore not displayed. All assigned signals are triple protonated tryptic IgG1 Fc glycopeptides. Pep, tryptic IgG1 Fc peptide portion; #, missed cleavage IgG1 glycopeptide signals; *, single charged, non-glycopeptide species. Spectra are normalized to the highest glycopeptide signal.