. 2022 May 21;101(8):101970. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101970

Table 4.

Effect of Bacillus species–fermented products and essential oils on antioxidant and tight-junction gene expression in small intestines of broilers.

									P value
		C¹	A	SYN	EO	SYN+ EO	SEM	P value	SYN	EO	SYN × EO
	SOD	1.0^b	2.3^b	2.6^b	2.4^b	10.1^a	0.77	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Duodenum	MUC2	1.0^c	1.8^bc	2.4^b	1.6^bc	3.5^a	0.21	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002	0.270
	IL-6	1.0^a	0.5^bc	0.6^b	0.5^bc	0.4^c	0.06	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002
	SOD	0.9^d	1.2^cd	1.6^bc	2.0^b	4.9^a	0.39	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Jejunum	MUC2	1.0^c	1.3^bc	1.6^b	1.6^b	4.5^a	0.30	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	IL-6	1.0^a	0.5^b	0.8^ab	0.9^a	0.8^ab	0.05	0.001	0.089	0.727	0.503
	SOD	1.0^b	1.6^b	1.4^b	1.5^b	4.0^a	0.30	< 0.001	0.002	0.002	0.014
Ileum	MUC2	1.0^b	1.8^b	1.1^b	1.6^b	3.6^a	0.27	< 0.001	0.015	0.002	0.023
	IL-6	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.0	0.3	0.11	0.053	0.224	0.077	0.081

^a-d

Means in the same row without common superscripts are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05).

C = Basal diet; A = Basal diet plus enramycin (10 mg/kg); SYN = Basal diet plus Bacillus species–fermented products; EO = Basal diet plus essential oils; SYN+EO = Basal diet plus Bacillus species–fermented products and essential oils.