Fig. 3.

CO mitigates hypoxia-inducible tubular cell damage. To examine the cytoprotective effect of CO on the tubular cell damage, cell viability, ATP levels, oxidative stress and EMT pathway under hypoxia condition, HK-2 cells were treated with CORM-2 under hypoxia condition for 48 or 96 h, then analyzed by (A) qRT-PCR (n = 3/group), (B) CCK-8 assay (n = 5/group), (C) ATP assay (n = 4/group), (D, F) immunoblot (n = 3/group), and (E) CM-H₂DCF-DA assay. To examine the effect of CO on the interaction between tubular cells and fibroblast cells under hypoxia condition, NRK-49F cells were treated with the supernatant from HK-2 cells, which was cultured with or without CORM-2 under hypoxia condition for 96 h, then analyzed by (G) immunoblot (n = 3/group). Results are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M.