Fig. 4.

FXR agonist GW4064 mitigates erastin-induced ferroptotic responses in HK2 cells.

After treatment with ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1, 5 μM) and GW4064 (1 μM) for 2 h, HK2 cells were treated with erastin (5 μM) for another 24 h. (A) Protein levels of GPX4 were detected by immunoblotting. The relative protein levels are shown. The values for the vehicle group were set to 1 (n = 4). (B) The relative levels of MDA and iron and GSH/GSSG ratio are shown. (C) After treatment with Fer-1 and GW4064, the cells were incubated with C11-BODIPY 581/591 (2 μM) and Hoechst 33258 for counterstaining; the images were then immediately visualized by confocal microscopy. Confocal microscopy showed non-oxidized lipid (red, Texas Red) and oxidized lipid (green, FITC). scale bar, 50 μm. All values are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical significance was measured using one- or two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc-test. **P < 0.005. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)