Additional Table 1.

Summary of Pin1 changes in neurodegenerative diseases

Cell death type	Disease	Pin1 changes in disease	Main molecule in disease	Role of Pin in death	Reference
Apoptosis	AD	Decreased in AD patients	Pinl, GSK-3β, APP, HIF-lα, Aβ, p-Tau	Inhibits apoptosis	Lu et al., l999; Thorpe et al., 2004; Hashemzadeh-Bonehi et al., 2006; Pastorino et al., 2006; Kesavapany et al., 2007; Nowotny et al., 2007; Dakson et al., 20ll; O’Brien and Wong, 20l l; Lonati et al., 20l4; Azimi et al., 20l7; Xu et al., 20l7; Rong et al., 2017; Samimi et al., 202l; Nakhjiri et al., 2020; Li et al., 202la; Wang et al., 2020a; Zheng et al., 2021
	TBI	Decreased in TBI models	DAPK1, Pinl, p-Tau		Kim et al., 202l; Qiu et al., 202l; Tonnus et al., 202l
	PD	Increased in PD patients	Pin1, α-synuclein, caspase-3	Promotes apoptosis	Ghosh et al., 20l3; Matena et al., 20l3; Ibanez et al., 20l4; Ryo et al.,2006
	HD	Increased in HD patients; Decreased in HD models	Htt, Pinl, iASPP, p53	Both inhibits and promotes apoptosis	Grison et al., 20ll; Agostoni et al., 20l6; Carnemolla et al., 20l7
	Stroke	Increased in Stroke models	Pinl, FBX7, NICD1, p53	Promotes apoptosis	Zacchi et al., 2002; Baik et al., 20l5; Arumugam et al., 20l8; Balaganapathy et al., 20l8; Li et al., 20l9
	SCI	Increased in SCI models	Pinl, Daxx, ASK1, BIMEL, JNK, Mcl-2, BAX, Bcl-2		Becker and Bonni, 2006, 2007; Ryo et al., 2007; Barone et al., 2008; Shen et al., 2009; Li et al., 20l7; Oh and Mouradian, 20l8; Zhang et al., 2021
	Epilepsy	Decreased in epileptic models	CaMKII, AMPA and NMDA receptors	Inhibits apoptosis	Becker and Bonni, 2007; Tang et al., 20l7; Hou et al., 202l
	Other neurodegenerative diseases	Decreased in age-related neurodegeneration patients	Lipofuscin		Hashemzadeh-Bonehi et al., 2006
RN	Brain ischemia and traumatic injury	Increased in brain ischemia and traumatic injury models	Calcium, DAPK, Pinl	Promotes RN	Bialik and Kimchi, 20ll; Del Rosario et al., 20l5; Chen et al., 20l7; Ibarra et al., 2017; Wangetal., 20l7
	Retinal disease	Increased in retinal disease	Calcium, CaM, CaMKII, Pinl, CAST, Calpain2, AIF		Wang etal., 20l7, 20l9a, b; Cheng etal., 20l8; Hou etal., 202l
Autophagy	AD	Decreased in AD patients	Pinl, Akt, Ubiquitin, GSK-3β, Aβ, LC3-II	Promotes autophagy	Min et al., 200S;_Ma et al., 2012; Del Rosario et al., 20l5; So and Oh, 20l5; Kim et al., 2009; Chao et al., 202l

AD: Alzheimer’s disease; AIF: apoptosis-induced factor; AMPA: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; APP: amyloid precursor protein; ASK1: apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; Aβ: β-amyloid peptide; BAX: Bcl2-associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; BIMEL: Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death, extra long; CaM: calmodulin; CaMKII: calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; CAST: calpastatin; DAPK1: death-associated protein kinase 1; Daxx: death domain associated protein; FBW7: F-box and WD repeat domain containing domain protein 7; GSK-3β: glycogen synthase kinase-3β; HD: Huntington's disease; HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1; Htt: Huntingtin; iASPP: inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53; JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinase; LC3: long chain 3; Mcl-1: myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1; NICD1: Notch intracellular domain 1; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor; PD: Parkinson's disease; Pin1: prolyl cistrans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1; RN: regulated necrosis; SCI: spinal cord injury; TBI: traumatic brain injury.