Additional Table 2.
Summary of Pin1 inhibitors
| Cell death type | Disease | Pin1 changes in disease | Main molecule in disease | Role of Pin in death | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apoptosis | AD | Decreased in AD patients | Pinl, GSK-3β, APP, HIF-lα, Aβ, p-Tau | Inhibits apoptosis | Lu et al., l999; Thorpe et al., 2004; Hashemzadeh-Bonehi et al., 2006; Pastorino et al., 2006; Kesavapany et al., 2007; Nowotny et al., 2007; Dakson et al., 20ll; O’Brien and Wong, 20l l; Lonati et al., 20l4; Azimi et al., 20l7; Xu et al., 20l7; Rong et al., 2017; Samimi et al., 202l; Nakhjiri et al., 2020; Li et al., 202la; Wang et al., 2020a; Zheng et al., 2021 |
| TBI | Decreased in TBI models | DAPK1, Pinl, p-Tau | Kim et al., 202l; Qiu et al., 202l; Tonnus et al., 202l | ||
| PD | Increased in PD patients | Pin1, α-synuclein, caspase-3 | Promotes apoptosis | Ghosh et al., 20l3; Matena et al., 20l3; Ibanez et al., 20l4; Ryo et al.,2006 | |
| HD | Increased in HD patients; Decreased in HD models |
Htt, Pinl, iASPP, p53 | Both inhibits and promotes apoptosis | Grison et al., 20ll; Agostoni et al., 20l6; Carnemolla et al., 20l7 | |
| Stroke | Increased in Stroke models | Pinl, FBX7, NICD1, p53 | Promotes apoptosis | Zacchi et al., 2002; Baik et al., 20l5; Arumugam et al., 20l8; Balaganapathy et al., 20l8; Li et al., 20l9 |
|
| SCI | Increased in SCI models | Pinl, Daxx, ASK1, BIMEL, JNK, Mcl-2, BAX, Bcl-2 |
Becker and Bonni, 2006, 2007; Ryo et al., 2007; Barone et al., 2008; Shen et al., 2009; Li et al., 20l7; Oh and Mouradian, 20l8; Zhang et al., 2021 |
||
| Epilepsy | Decreased in epileptic models | CaMKII, AMPA and NMDA receptors | Inhibits apoptosis | Becker and Bonni, 2007; Tang et al., 20l7; Hou et al., 202l | |
| Other neurodegenerative diseases | Decreased in age-related neurodegeneration patients | Lipofuscin | Hashemzadeh-Bonehi et al., 2006 | ||
| RN | Brain ischemia and traumatic injury | Increased in brain ischemia and traumatic injury models | Calcium, DAPK, Pinl | Promotes RN | Bialik and Kimchi, 20ll; Del Rosario et al., 20l5; Chen et al., 20l7; Ibarra et al., 2017; Wangetal., 20l7 |
| Retinal disease | Increased in retinal disease | Calcium, CaM, CaMKII, Pinl, CAST, Calpain2, AIF | Wang etal., 20l7, 20l9a, b; Cheng etal., 20l8; Hou etal., 202l | ||
| Autophagy | AD | Decreased in AD patients | Pinl, Akt, Ubiquitin, GSK-3β, Aβ, LC3-II | Promotes autophagy | Min et al., 200S;_Ma et al., 2012; Del Rosario et al., 20l5; So and Oh, 20l5; Kim et al., 2009; Chao et al., 202l |
AD: Alzheimer’s disease; AIF: apoptosis-induced factor; AMPA: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; APP: amyloid precursor protein; ASK1: apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; Aβ: β-amyloid peptide; BAX: Bcl2-associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; BIMEL: Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death, extra long; CaM: calmodulin; CaMKII: calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; CAST: calpastatin; DAPK1: death-associated protein kinase 1; Daxx: death domain associated protein; FBW7: F-box and WD repeat domain containing domain protein 7; GSK-3β: glycogen synthase kinase-3β; HD: Huntington's disease; HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1; Htt: Huntingtin; iASPP: inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53; JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinase; LC3: long chain 3; Mcl-1: myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1; NICD1: Notch intracellular domain 1; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor; PD: Parkinson's disease; Pin1: prolyl cistrans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1; RN: regulated necrosis; SCI: spinal cord injury; TBI: traumatic brain injury.