TABLE 1—

Description of Included Studies Using an Intersectional Stigma Measure or Analytic Approach: HIV-Related Intersectional Stigma and Discrimination Measurement, January 1, 2010–May 12, 2021

Authors	Setting	Population	Analytic Sample, No.	Study Design	Outcomes Studied
Baguso et al.47	United States	Transgender women living with HIV	123	Cross sectional	Engagement with HIV care, ART use, detectable or unknown viral load
Bogart et al.51	United States	Black, African American MSM living with HIV	152	Prospective cohort	ART adherence
Bogart et al.52	United States	Black, African American MSM living with HIV	181	Cross sectional (baseline survey as part of prospective study)	Depression, PTSD
Bogart et al.53	United States	Black and Latino MSM living with HIV	181 Black participants, 167 Latino participants	Prospective (Black participants), cross sectional (Latino participants)	Side effect severity, AIDS symptoms, CD4 cell count, undetectable viral load, emergency department use
Calabrese et al.54	Russia	People living with HIV who inject drugs	383	Cross sectional	Health status, health service use
Carrasco et al.55	Dominican Republic	Cis-gender female sex workers living with HIV	228	Cross sectional (follow-up data from a prospective cohort study)	Consistent condom use, social cohesion
Dale and Safren48	United States	Cis-gender Black women living with HIV	100	Cross sectional (baseline data from an intervention study)	PTSD symptoms, posttraumatic cognitions
Dale et al.49	United States	Cis-gender Black women living with HIV	100	Cross sectional (baseline data from an intervention study)	Barriers to HIV-related care
Earnshaw et al.56	United States	Clients living with HIV at a community clinic who reported use of illicit substances, misuse of prescription drugs, or use of alcohol in the past 3 months	85	Cross sectional	Depressive symptoms
Earnshaw et al.57	United States	Black gay and bisexual men who were newly diagnosed with HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, or syphilis; 31.8% of participants were diagnosed with HIV	151	Prospective cohort	HIV/STI internalized stigma
English et al.58	United States	Sexual minority men (biologically and self-identified as male and as gay, bisexual, or another nonheterosexual identity); the sample was composed of Black (42.7%), Latino (30.0%), and multiracial (25.3%) participants, 57.1% of whom were living with HIV	170	Prospective cohort	Substance use (drug use and heavy drinking), emotion regulation difficulties
Logie et al.59	Canada	Women living with HIV who were members of marginalized communities (including indigenous, Black, and transgender communities) represented in Canada’s HIV epidemic	1367	Cross sectional	ART adherence, CD4 count, viral load
Reisen et al.60	United States	Latino gay men living with HIV	301	Cross sectional	Depression, gay collective identity
Vetrova et al.61	Russia	People living with HIV who injected drugs and had a documented ART naive status (i.e., they had never started treatment)	188	Observational prospective cohort	Access to health care, use of health care
Yang et al.62	China	MSM living with HIV	193	Cross sectional (baseline survey as part of prospective study)	Depression, anxiety, psychological resilience, quality of life
Yang et al.50	Botswana	Clients living with HIV from a dedicated infectious disease center and members of the general community without a reported HIV status	38 focus groups, 46 in-depth Interviews	Mixed methods	Scale development: construct validity examined with validated HIV stigma scale, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and social support

Note. ART = antiretroviral therapy; MSM = men who have sex with men; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; STI = sexually transmitted infection. A total of 16 studies were included in the review.