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Multidimensional: HIV inequities are shaped by multiple forms of stigma (e.g., racism, sexism, heterosexism, HIV stigma). |
Interrogate interlocking stigma processes that give rise to HIV inequities. |
• Qualitative methods: in-depth interviews, focus groups, ethnography, photovoice, and observational studies • Individual- and interpersonal-level measures: intercategorical, group-specific, parallel • Analyses: moderation (i.e., regression with interaction terms), hierarchical regressions, latent variable approaches, and structural equation modeling
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Multilevel: HIV-related intersectional stigma exists at multiple social‒ecological levels, including the structural, interpersonal, and individual levels. |
Center considerations of social‒structural contexts of stigma. |
• Multilevel models: span multiple social‒ecological levels • Policy and legal analysis: national, organizational, and institutional policy indices • Spatial methods: photovoice, ecological momentary assessment, experimental field studies and randomized audit studies, in-depth interviews, participant observation, spatial meta-analyses • Network methods: social network methods (egocentric and sociometric), dyadic methods
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Multidirectional: HIV-related intersectional stigma at one level shapes stigma at other levels. |
Explore the social construction and deconstruction of stigma. |
• Multilevel models: tests of cross-level effect modification, direct cross-level effects, and indirect cross-level effects • Longitudinal designs and analyses: span policy (de)implementation
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Action-oriented: The transformation of power structures that give rise to HIV inequities is the end goal of HIV-related intersectionality research. |
Promote social change. |
• Community leadership and engagement: community-based participatory research, participatory action research • Structural intervention: rights-based policy change
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