FIG 8.
Kinetics of killing over 60 to 120 min for Xen36 with (a) Peptoid 1, (b) Peptoid 1-C134mer, (c) Peptoid 1-11mer, (d) LL-37, (e) vancomycin, and (f) daptomycin. Luminescence was measured over 60 min, at 5-min intervals up to 30 min. Concentrations ranging from 0.39 to 50 μM were tested for each peptoid, peptide, and antibiotic. (a) Peptoid 1 showed a significant decrease compared to the no treatment control at all time points for 1.56 μM and above, while showing significance for 0.78 μM at 25 min. (b) Peptoid 1-C134mer showed significance for all time points at 3.125 μM and higher. 1.56 μM Peptoid 1-C134mer showed a significant decrease at 5 min, but showed a significant increase at 30 min, while 0.39 μM showed significance at 15 min. (c) Peptoid 1-11mer showed significance for 25 μM and 50 μM for all time points tested, while 12.5 μM showed significance at 5, 20, and 60 min. 6.25 μM showed a significant decrease initially at 15 min, an increase at 25 min, and a decrease again at 60 min. 3.125 μM showed a statistical increase at 30 min, while 1.56 μM Peptoid 1-11mer was significant at 15 min. 0.78 μM was significant at both 15 and 20 min. (d) LL-37 showed significance for 50 μM at 5, 10, and 30 min, while showing significance for 25 μM and 12.5 μM at 10, 20, and 25 min. Both 6.25 μM and 0.78 μM LL-37 showed a significant decrease compared to the no treatment control from 15 to 25 min, while 3.125 μM showed a significant decrease at 10, 25, and 60 min. 1.56 μM showed significance at 25 and 60 min, while 0.39 μM LL-37 showed significance from 30 min onward. (e) For vancomycin, 50 μM showed a significant decrease starting at 60 min, while 25 μM showed a significant increase from 25 to 30 min and a significant decrease from 60 min onward. 12.5 μM vancomycin showed a statistically significant decrease initially from 10 min to 15 min, however, it showed an increase at 25 min, and subsequent decrease at 60 min onward. 6.25 μM showed significance from 10 to 25 min and again after 60 min onward. Vancomycin showed significance at 3.125 μM from 10 to 20 min and again from 60 min onward, while showing significance for 1.56 μM at 15 and 25 min, and from 60 min onward. 0.78 μM showed significance at 10 and 20 min, and from 60 min onward, while 0.39 μM vancomycin showed significance from 15 to 25 min and from 60 min onward. (f) Daptomycin showed a significant increase initially for 50 μM at 10 min and again from 60 min to 90 min, with a significant decrease at 120 min. 25 μM showed significance at 15 min and again at 120 min, while 3.125 μM and 0.39 μM showed significance only at 15 min. 1.56 μM showed significance at 20 min and 0.78 μM showed significance at 25 min. All data points are represented as means using three replicates. Error bars are represented as ± standard deviation (SD). Statistics were performed using 2-way ANOVA, comparing each concentration over time to the no treatment control. P values are: <0.0001 = ****, between 0.0001 and 0.001 = ***, between 0.001 and 0.01 = **, and between 0.01 and 0.05 = *.