TABLE 6.
Number and percentage of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of Campylobacter species isolated from chicken meat samples obtained from broiler raised in conventional or NAEa system and farm samples obtained from NAE house
| Antibiotic resistance genes | Expected resistance | No. of positive isolates (%) of: |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C. jejuni (n = 82) | C. lari (n = 7) | C. volucris (n = 2) | Otherb (n = 14) | Total (n = 105) | ||
| aph(3′)-IIIa | Aminoglycoside | 9 (11.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (14.2) | 11 (10.5) |
| aph(2′′)-Ig | Aminoglycoside | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| bla OXA-184 | β-Lactamases | 3 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.8) |
| bla OXA-61 | β-Lactamases | 7 (8.5) | 1 (14.2) | 1 (50.0) | 5 (35.7) | 14 (13.3) |
| tet(O) | Tetracycline | 12 (14.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (35.7) | 17 (16.2) |
| gyrA | Fluoroquinolones | 43 (52.4) | 7 (100) | 2 (100) | 10 (71.4) | 62 (59.0) |
| ermB | Erythromycin | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
a
NAE, no-antibiotics-ever-raised chicken.
b
Campylobacter strains unidentified while performing the NCBI BLAST.