Table 2. Total cost of illness for CVD and dementia in 2020.

£billions (2019 prices).

Disease	Healthcare	Social care	Value of informal care	Value of Disease-Related QALYs lost	Total value of healthcare costs and QALY losses
CVD
All ages	5.29 (4.17 to 6.37)	1.03 (0.81 to 1.24)	3.25 (2.56 to 3.91)	6.51 (6.77 to 6.32)	16.08 (14.30 to 17.83)
Age 35–64	1.97 (1.53 to 2.41)	0.11 (0.08 to 0.13)	0.98 (0.77 to 1.21)	2.53 (2.79 to 2.35)	5.59 (5.17 to 6.11)
Age 65–79	2.18 (1.72 to 2.61)	0.34 (0.27 to 0.41)	1.32 (1.04 to 1.58)	2.65 (2.70 to 2.61)	6.50 (5.73 to 7.22)
Age 80–100	1.14 (0.90 to 1.37)	0.58 (0.46 to 0.70)	0.95 (0.75 to 1.14)	1.32 (1.34 to 1.30)	4.00 (3.45 to 4.52)
Dementia
All ages	1.71 (1.34 to 2.06)	5.06 (3.97 to 6.06)	3.51 (2.74 to 4.23)	4.20 (4.45 to 3.97)	14.48 (12.49 to 16.32)
Age 35–64	0.21 (0.15 to 0.28)	0.28 (0.20 to 0.37)	0.38 (0.27 to 0.52)	0.55 (0.69 to 0.43)	1.42 (1.32 to 1.61)
Age 65–79	0.85 (0.66 to 1.02)	1.62 (1.26 to 1.96)	1.60 (1.25 to 1.94)	2.08 (2.24 to 1.94)	6.15 (5.40 to 6.86)
Age 80–100	0.66 (0.52 to 0.79)	3.15 (2.48 to 3.79)	1.51 (1.19 to 1.82)	1.56 (1.62 to 1.51)	6.89 (5.81 to 7.90)

(95% uncertainty intervals in brackets). Results shown are from scenario 2 (CVD fall)–however results are broadly similar for both scenarios.

Healthcare costs are total NHS costs based on ELSA data linked with NHS England HES data. Social care costs are based on ELSA and include cleaner, care/nursing home staff, other formal help, Local Authority-provided home care worker/ home help, and non-Local Authority home care worker/ home help, as well as residential care. Informal care costs are based ELSA data multiplied by ONS estimates of gross value added per hour of care. QALYs are quality adjusted life years and are valued at £60,000 per QALY. Note that QALYs reflect only the uncertainty in the epidemiology, not uncertainty around the QALY impacts of disease, which is reflected in very tight uncertainty intervals.