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. 2022 Jun 29;8(26):eabm9138. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9138

Fig. 1. Bioactive Kyn-CKA is formed following kynurenine synthesis in AML-12 cells.

Fig. 1.

(A) Proposed route for Kyn-CKA formation following from tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. The asterisk denotes the electrophilic carbon. TDO2, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; AFMID, arylformamidase. (B) Nrf2-dependent gene induction by Kyn-CKA (n = 3). (C) Nrf2-regulated protein expression 24 hours after Kyn-CKA. (D) Activation of AhR-dependent genes by 8-hour Kyn-CKA treatment. (E to G) Kynurenine pathway metabolites 8 hours after tryptophan in HBSS (5 mM; n = 3). (H) GSH-Kyn-CKA formation 8 hours after N-formylkynurenine (NF-Kyn) or L-Kyn in HBSS in the presence or absence of 1 mM probenecid (Prob) (n = 3 per dose). (I) Nrf2-dependent gene expression 8 hours after tryptophan in HBSS (n = 3). **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.0001 by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (B and D) or by t test (E to I). ns, not significant.