Table 1. Hypothesis tests and summaries of the models’ principal effects across the five groups of participants (the hypotheses are detailed in the main text).

‘Est’, ‘Q5%’, and ‘Q95%’ show the mean and 90% equal-tailed credibility interval for the effect of Min to Maj compared to Maj to Min (H1) or a one-semitone increase in mean pitch (H2–H4). This effect is expressed on the logit (log-odds) scale. ‘Evid.ratio’ is the odds that the effect is in the direction specified by the hypothesis, and ‘Post.p’ is the associated posterior probability of the hypothesis (Evid.ratio = Post.p/(1 − Post.p)). We consider evidence ratios > 10 to be strong evidence; > 30 to be very strong. ‘ROPE’ shows the probability that the effect is small enough to be practically equivalent to zero [27], which we define as being in the interval [−0.18, 0.18].

Exposure group by hyp.	Est.	Q5%	Q95%	Evid.ratio	Post.p	ROPE
H1—Cadence type
Uruwa: Minimal	−0.14	−1.19	0.91	0.69	0.41	0.23
Uruwa: SDA	1.06	0.59	1.54	6665.67	1.00	0.00
Uruwa: Lutheran	0.90	−0.01	1.84	18.14	0.95	0.07
Sydney: Non-musician	3.47	2.71	4.31	>19999.00	1.00	0.00
Sydney: Musician	8.96	6.08	12.64	>19999.00	1.00	0.00
H2—Cadences mean pitch
Uruwa: Minimal	−0.08	−0.40	0.23	0.49	0.33	0.62
Uruwa: SDA	0.08	−0.06	0.21	4.63	0.82	0.90
Uruwa: Lutheran	0.27	0.00	0.53	19.70	0.95	0.29
Sydney: Non-musician	0.91	0.67	1.17	>19999.00	1.00	0.00
Sydney: Musician	1.15	0.70	1.66	3999.00	1.00	0.00
H3—Melodies mean pitch
Uruwa: Minimal	0.09	−0.52	0.69	1.46	0.59	0.37
Uruwa: SDA	0.22	−0.08	0.50	8.12	0.89	0.41
Uruwa: Lutheran	0.51	0.13	0.89	65.67	0.98	0.08
Sydney: Non-musician	2.06	1.59	2.52	>19999.00	1.00	0.00
Sydney: Musician	6.31	4.81	7.86	>19999.00	1.00	0.00
H4—Cadences and melodies mean pitch
Uruwa: Minimal	−0.05	−0.28	0.18	0.56	0.36	0.78
Uruwa: SDA	0.14	0.03	0.25	54.25	0.98	0.74
Uruwa: Lutheran	0.27	0.09	0.45	120.95	0.99	0.20
Sydney: Non-musician	1.02	0.83	1.22	>19999.00	1.00	0.00
Sydney: Musician	1.56	1.27	1.88	>19999.00	1.00	0.00