Table 1.

Methods to study RG4.

Method	Characterization on RG4	References
NMR	3D structure in vitro	Smith and Feigon, 1992
CD	Topology in vitro	Vorlíčková et al., 2012
UV-thermal melting	Thermostability in vitro	Mergny et al., 1998
QGRS mapper	Prediction in silico	Kikin et al., 2006
Quadparser	Prediction in silico	Huppert and Balasubramanian, 2005
Intrinsic fluorescence	Detection in vitro	Huang et al., 2014
BG4	Visualization in fixed cells	Biffi et al., 2014
G4Hunter	Prediction in silico	Bedrat et al., 2016
rG4-seq	Single motif in vitro	Kwok et al., 2016a
DMS based seq	Quantitative measurement at single motif in vivo	Guo and Bartel, 2016
QUMA-1	Visualization in living cells	Chen et al., 2018
SHALiPE-seq	Quantitative measurement at single motif in vivo	Yang et al., 2020
Keth-seq	Detection at single motif in vivo	Weng et al., 2020

Summation of the key methods for RNA G-quadruplex prediction and detection. The method names, their application, and references are listed.