The characteristics of the studies included in this review are listed
Included literature after a systematic search
| Author(s) (Year) | Reference number | Title | Aims/Objectives | Study design/population | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adeniran, Mobolaji- Ojibara, Adesina, Aboyeji, Ijaiya, Balogun (2018) | 5 | Intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine for malaria prophylaxis among parturients in Ilorin, Nigeria | To assess the knowledge, attitude, and factors associated with the use of IPTp-SP among antenatal clinic attendees in Ilorin | Quantitative / Pregnant women | Parturients desire to use IPTp-SP was hampered by HCPs attitude of prescribing other antimalarial, misconceptions about drug safety, and frequent shortage of SP in clinics |
| Adeola, & Okwilagwe (2015) | 10 | Acceptance and Utilization of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine and Insecticide-Treated Nets among Pregnant Women in Oyo State, Nigeria | To investigate the acceptability and utilization of RBM tools, their influencing factors, and the influence of location on the behaviour outcomes among pregnant women who access government and faith clinics in Oyo State, Nigeria | Quantitative / Pregnant women | The acceptance of RBM tools, including IPTp-SP, though still far from meeting the set targets, was higher among rural pregnant women who accessed government clinics than among urban pregnant women who accessed faith clinics |
| Adewole, Fawole, Ajayi, Yusuf, Oladimeji, Waziri, Nguku, Ajumobi (2019) | 39 | Determinants of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria among women attending antenatal clinics in primary health care centers in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria | To assess the factors influencing the utilization of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria | Mixed methods / Pregnant women and healthcare workers | IPTp-SP uptake was low because of late ANC booking and frequent SP stock-outs |
| Akinleye, Falade, Ajayi (2009) | 20 | Knowledge and utilization of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in primary health care centers in rural southwest, Nigeria: a cross- sectional study | To assess the use of IPTp among pregnant women attending primary health centres in the rural area and determine factors that influence the uptake | Quantitative / Pregnant women | IPTp-SP uptake was low because of pregnant women's low awareness and knowledge level on IPTp-SP, late enrolment for ANC, HCPs' poor adherence to the DOTs scheme, and periodic shortage of SP in the clinic |
| Akpa, Akinyemi, Umeokonkwo, Bamgboye, Dahiru, Adebowale, Ajayi (2019) | 40 | Uptake of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy among women in selected communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria | To determine the level of IPTp uptake and factors influencing it among women of reproductive age residing in communities in Ebonyi State | Quantitative / Women of reproductive age | IPTp-SP uptake among women in their last pregnancy was below WHO recommendation, and the husband's education was a determinant of IPTp-SP uptake. Male education is recommended as this may positively influence IPTp-SP uptake |
| Ameh, Owoaje, Oyo- Ita, Kabiru, Akpet, Etokidem, Enembe, Ekpenyong (2016) | 33 | Barriers to and determinants of the use of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in Cross River State, Nigeria: a cross- sectional study | To identify the barriers to and determinants of the use of IPTp-SP among pregnant women attending ANC in PHC facilities in Cross River State, south-south region of Nigeria | Quantitative / Pregnant women | Awareness level and non-compliance of PHC to treatment guidelines may hamper efforts to reduce malaria-related child and maternal morbidity and mortality. In addition to enhancing the capacity of clinics to implement the IPTp- SP guidelines, health education programs on malaria prevention targeting mothers, household heads, and HCPs are needed |
| Amoran, Ariba, Iyaniwura (2012) | 21 | Determinants of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy (IPTp) utilization in a rural town in Western Nigeria | To assess the prevalence and determinants of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria (IPTp) utilization by pregnant women in a rural town in Western Nigeria | Quantitative / Pregnant women | The uptake of IPTp-SP among rural ANC attendees was low due to poor knowledge of prophylaxis for malaria prevention. Community health education may help to improve IPTp-SP uptake |
| Arulogun, Okereke (2012) | 50 | Knowledge and practices of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy among health workers in a southwest local government area of Nigeria | To assess the level of knowledge and practice of IPTp among health workers in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Nigeria | Mixed methods / Pregnant women and health workers | Poor knowledge of IPTp and poor compliance to DOTs are significant bottlenecks to IPTp implementation: There is a need for health promotion and education intervention targeting health workers |
| Bello, & Oni (2020) | 48 | Health Workers' Awareness and Knowledge of Current Recommendation of Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy in South-Western Nigeria | To assess health worker's awareness and knowledge of the current World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) | Quantitative / Health workers | HCPs poor knowledge of the correct administration of IPTp-SP, poor adherence to the current WHO IPTp-SP recommendation, and the attitude of prescribing other antimalarials was contributing to the increasing prevalence of MiP and its complications |
| Chukwurah, Idowu, Adeneye, Aina, Agomo, Otubanjo (2016) | 34 | Knowledge, attitude and practice on malaria prevention and sulfadoxine- pyrimethamine utilization among pregnant women in Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria | To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of pregnant women on malaria prevention, to assess their knowledge of SP for IPT in pregnancy, and to use the outcomes for the creation of awareness on malaria prevention with IPTp-SP among pregnant women or women of child-bearing age | Quantitative / Pregnant women | The majority of pregnant women knew SP but did not know it could prevent malaria. They prevented malaria by taking herbs but went to the hospital for malaria treatment |
| Dairo, Adekunle, Okedare (2019) | 38 | Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for malaria in Nigeria | To describe the uptake of malaria preventive measures recommended by WHO among pregnant women. To determine the pattern in proportion of pregnant women who used IPTp- SP and to identify the factors affecting uptake in Nigeria. | Quantitative / women | The uptake of IPTp-SP is still low and calls for intensified improvement of awareness |
| Diala, Pennas, Marin, Belay (2013) | 31 | Perceptions of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) and barriers to adherence in Nasarawa and Cross River States in Nigeria | To identify pregnant women's and providers' perceptions of IPTp, and barriers to adherence to the protocol of at least two doses. | Mixed methods / Pregnant women and health care providers | Many structural barriers are preventing ANC attendees from completing IPTp- SP. Programs with specific interventions to increase IPTp-SP uptake and adherence targeting women, their communities, and the health environment may be helpful |
| Edet, Edet, Samson- Akpan, Ojong (2013) | 35 | Missed opportunities for intermittent preventive treatment among pregnant women, in a secondary health facility, Cross River State, Nigeria | To determine the magnitude and contributory factors for missed opportunities for the administration of IPTp during pregnancy among pregnant women attending a secondary health facility in Calabar | Quantitative / Pregnant and postnatal women | Non-availability of SP, lack of supervision, failure to prescribe medication, late booking, and lack of knowledge were responsible for low IPTp-SP uptake. The regular supply of SP is critical to increasing IPTp-SP uptake |
| Esu, Effa, Udoh, Oduwole, Odey, Chibuzor, Oyo-Ita, Meremikwu (2013) | 41 | Utilization of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in health facilities of Cross River State, Nigeria | To assess the utilization of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the prevention of malaria in pregnancy against the national treatment policy among women attending health care facilities in Cross River State, Nigeria | Quantitative / Pregnant women | Early and regular ANC visits may be a potential means of increasing IPTp-SP utilization |
| Harrison, Olufunlayo, Odunukwe (2016) | 47 | Improved prescription of Intermittent preventive therapy for malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) among doctors practicing in 68 Nigerian army reference hospital Yaba Lagos, Nigeria | To assess the prescription pattern of intermittent preventive therapy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for pregnant women among doctors practicing in 68 Nigeria Army Reference Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. | Quantitative / Doctors | Education of all HCPs in both public and private clinics on MiP prevention guidelines is needed to increase IPTp-SP coverage |
| Ikpeama, Ikpeama, Ikpeama, Ogwuegbu (2017) | 51 | Knowledge, attitude and utilization of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto | To assess the knowledge, attitude, and the uses of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy among pregnant women attending antenatal care visit and determine the factor influencing IPTp and its effectiveness | Quantitative / Pregnant women | Respondents' knowledge and attitude towards IPTp-SP for malaria control were good, but utilization was low due to misconceptions about IPTp-SP and non- adherence of DOTS strategy in clinics. |
| Iliyasu, Gajida, Galadanci, Abubakar, Baba, Jibo, Aliyu (2012) | 36 | Adherence to intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy in urban Kano, northern Nigeria | To assess the correlates of IPTp use, in addition to knowledge and attitudes to IPTp among women attending urban primary health care centres in Kano | Quantitative / Pregnant women | Health system factors, including demand and supply side contributed to low IPTp- SP adherence and uptake. Health system strengthening through community mobilization, male partner involvement, and community-based distribution of SP may help to overcome these challenges |
| Muhammad, Majdzadeh, Nedjat, Sajadi, Parsaeian (2020) | 45 | Socioeconomic inequality in intermittent preventive treatment using sulphadoxine- pyrimethamine among pregnant women in Nigeria | To assess the factors contributing to the inequality in IPTp-SP use among pregnant women in Nigeria | Quantitative / Pregnant women | Significant inequality exists between pregnant women in IPTp-SP utilization as women from the wealthiest households recorded a higher uptake than women from poorer families. Free IPTp-SP and community-based delivery approach may help reduce the inequality, ultimately improving IPTp-SP uptake |
| Ndu, Mbachu, Anitube, Ezeoke (2020) | 43 | Inequities in the use of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for malaria prophylaxis during pregnancy in Nigeria | To highlight the geographic and socioeconomic variations and inequities in accessing and using SP for malaria prophylaxis in pregnancy, as well as client-related and service delivery determinants in Nigeria. | Quantitative / Pregnant women | The use of SP for MiP control is generally low across sub-population groups, including uneducated women, rural dwellers, women from the poorest households, and teenagers of reproductive age in Nigeria. |
| Noguchi, Grenier, Kabue, Ugwa, Oyetunji, Suhowatsky, Onguti, Orji, Whiting- Collins, Adetiloye (2020) | 61 | Effect of group versus individual antenatal care on uptake of intermittent prophylactic treatment of malaria in pregnancy and related malaria outcomes in Nigeria and Kenya: analysis of data from a pragmatic cluster randomized trial | To determine whether women randomized to group antenatal care (G-ANC) versus standard antenatal care (ANC) differed in IPTp uptake and insecticide-treated nets (ITN) use | Quantitative / Pregnant women | G‑ANC service delivery platform may support better ANC retention and increase in IPTp‑SP uptake |
| Nyaaba, Olaleye, Obiyan, Walker, Anumba (2021) | 7 | A socio-ecological approach to understanding the factors influencing the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) in South- Western Nigeria | To explore the factors contributing to the poor coverage of ITN and IPTp within a pluralistic health sector in Ogun State, southwest Nigeria | Qualitative / Pregnant women, ANC providers (TBA, faith-based birth attendants, public healthcare providers), community leaders | HCPs should network with and educate TBAs, and faith-based providers on MiP and IPTp-SP as this may improve pregnant women's access to and utilization of IPTp-SP towards MiP control |
| Okedo-Alex, Akamike, Alo, Agu, Nzeh, Ndukwe, Okoro, Abateneh, Uneke (2020) | 58 | Reaching the unreached: effectiveness and satisfaction with community-directed distribution of sulfadoxine- pyrimethamine for preventing malaria in pregnancy in rural South-East, Nigeria | To determine satisfaction with and effectiveness of community-directed distribution of IPTp-SP on uptake among pregnant women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria | Quantitative / Pregnant women | Community‑directed distribution of IPTp‑SP with active community engagement improved IPTp‑SP uptake and ITN use, in addition to increasing ANC utilization |
| Okeibunor, Orji, Brieger, Ishola, Otolorin, Rawlins, Ndekhedehe, Onyeneho, Fink (2011) | 57 | Preventing malaria in pregnancy through community-directed interventions: evidence from Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria | To determine the degree to which community-directed interventions can improve access to malaria prevention in pregnancy | Quantitative / Pregnant women | Adequate access to malaria prevention remains low due to limited health systems capacities and lack of knowledge and resource demand at the household level. Community-based programs may be a cost-effective way to increase the uptake of malaria prevention like IPTp- SP |
| Olugbade, Ilesanmi, Gubio, Ajayi, Nguku, Ajumobi (2019) | 44 | Socio-demographic and regional disparities in utilization of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy - Nigeria demographic health survey 2013 | To identify the factors determining uptake of IPTp-SP in Nigeria using the 2013 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey | Quantitative / Women of child- bearing age | Late initiation of IPTp-SP after the second trimester, due to late registration and inconsistent ANC attendance, was a contributory factor for poor SP utilization |
| Onwujekwe, Soremekun, Uzochukwu, Shu, Onwujekwe (2012) | 6 | Patterns of case management and chemoprevention for malaria-in-pregnancy by public and private sector health providers in Enugu state, Nigeria | To assess the knowledge and attitude of providers about malaria-in- pregnancy and compare the extent of provision of chemotherapy and chemoprevention (including IPTp) in public and private hospitals | Quantitative/ Doctors, pharmacists, and nurses | HCPs Low knowledge level about current best practices for MiP control, poor implementation of DOTs strategy, and lack of disposable cups and potable water in clinics for SP administration were barriers to SP uptake |
| Onyeaso & Fawole (2007) | 22 | Perception and practice of malaria prophylaxis in pregnancy among health care providers in Ibadan | To assess the knowledge of health care providers in Ibadan, south- western Nigeria on current concepts on malaria prophylaxis in pregnancy to ascertain their preferred drugs and to identify strategies that would enhance programmes for preventing malaria during pregnancy | Quantitative/Healthcare providers | Several knowledge gaps on current MiP prevention strategies among HCPs, including prescription of inefficacious drugs like chloroquine, are significant obstacles to SP uptake |
| Onyeneho, Idemili- Aronu, Igwe, Iremeka (2015) | 32 | Perception and attitudes towards preventives of malaria infection during pregnancy in Enugu State, Nigeria. | To explore and document perceptions and attitude associated with uptake of interventions to prevent malaria in pregnancy infection during pregnancy in Enugu State, Nigeria | Qualitative / Health workers, mothers and their husbands, grandmothers | Misconceptions about pregnancy and risk-benefit of SP and poor attitude of HCPs towards pregnant women are barriers to IPTp-SP uptake |
| Oyefabi, Sambo, Sabitu (2015) | 19 | Effect of primary health care workers training on the knowledge and utilization of intermittent preventive therapy for malaria in pregnancy in Zaria, Nigeria | To determine the effects of training primary health care workers on the utilization of IPTp among pregnant women who attend antenatal clinics in Sabon-Gari local government area (LGA) of Kaduna State, Nigeria | Mixed methods / Pregnant women | SP utilization was majorly affected by poor knowledge of HCPs, SP shortage and cost of SP, late ANC registration, and pregnant women's perceived risk-benefit of SP |
| Peters & Naidoo (2020) | 49 | Factors influencing the use of intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women seeking care at primary healthcare facilities in the Bwari Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria | To explore the knowledge and practices of healthcare workers on the direct observation of IPT-SP amongst pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in the Bwari Area Council (BWAC) of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria | Qualitative / Healthcare workers | IPTp-SP uptake was hindered by poor adherence to the DOTs scheme, HCPs low awareness and understanding of the WHO guidelines on IPTp-SP, inadequate staff strength, lack of commodities including SP, potable water and disposable cups for SP administration |
| Pons-Duran et al (2020) | 46 | Coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in four sub-Saharan countries: findings from household surveys | To estimate the baseline coverage of IPTp in the countries' study areas, in addition to assessing the main factors affecting the uptake of IPTp | Quantitative / Women of reproductive age | ANC attendance and IPTp uptake was negatively affected by poor infrastructures at the health facility (e.g. lack of water), SP stock-outs, and negative attitudes of HCPs towards providing IPTp-SP |
| Tobin-West & Asuquo (2013) | 37 | Utilization of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria by pregnant women in rivers state, Nigeria | To assess the level of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) and to identify obstacles prohibiting its widespread use in Rivers state, Nigeria. | Quantitative / Pregnant and postnatal women | Misconceptions about IPTp-SP among pregnant women and persisting chloroquine dispensing instead of SP are major challenges to IPTp-SP uptake |