Table 2. Risk assessment based on the positive and negative effects of city afforestation, mammal richness, city remoteness, natural vegetation cover, and vegetation loss on the mean cases of ZDs per 100,000 inhabitants in the 27 Brazilian states, from 2001 to 2019.
Categories of a low, medium, and high risk for each variable based on its quantiles: Low, value between the minimum observed value to the second quantile (50th percentile); Medium, value between the second to the third quantile (75th percentile); High, value between the third quantile to the maximum value. Bold values represent the minimum and maximum values for each variable.
| Region | State |
Mean zoonotic
cases |
Afforestation (%) | Mammal richness | Remoteness (%) | Vegetation cover (ha) | Vegetation loss (ha) |
Risk level
assigned |
| Northern | Acre (AC) | 374.97 | 20 | 241 | 45 | 14,670,090.03 | 868,181.04 | High |
| Amapá (AP) | 187.32 | 0 | 195 | 56 | 13,684,978.11 | 508,430.65 | High | |
| Amazonas (AM) | 121.47 | 30 | 438 | 71 | 149,532,235.20 | 1,981,027.71 | High | |
| Pará (PA) | 122.69 | 27 | 288 | 27 | 101,947,243.40 | 11,466,461.87 | Medium | |
| Rondônia (RO) | 181.81 | 40 | 239 | 23 | 16,076,036.59 | 3,424,908.24 | High | |
| Roraima (RR) | 171.09 | 45 | 245 | 40 | 21,418,462.04 | 1,250,192.48 | High | |
| Tocantins (TO) | 115.15 | 79 | 194 | 32 | 19,807,760.66 | 2,565,649.35 | Medium | |
| Northeastern | Alagoas (AL) | 11.68 | 59 | 145 | 0 | 465,322.48 | 160,954.08 | Low |
| Bahia (BA) | 44.22 | 54 | 226 | 6 | 32,689,566.13 | 5,765,322.26 | Medium | |
| Ceará (CE) | 37.63 | 79 | 137 | 0 | 10,794,396.20 | 1,236,874.00 | Low | |
| Maranhão (MA) | 96.95 | 51 | 187 | 13 | 24,100,065.94 | 6,999,336.01 | High | |
| Paraíba (PB) | 5.51 | 80 | 151 | 0 | 3,262,857.26 | 660,182.01 | Low | |
| Pernambuco (PE) | 13.77 | 54 | 156 | 1 | 5,132,406.11 | 655,572.29 | Medium | |
| Piauí (PI) | 23.44 | 70 | 156 | 24 | 22,043,502.96 | 1,440,398.65 | Medium | |
| Rio Grande do Norte (RN) | 6.27 | 58 | 125 | 0 | 2,923,858.40 | 696,825.44 | Low | |
| Sergipe (SE) | 10.10 | 50 | 114 | 0 | 479,454.95 | 274,116.00 | Low | |
| Southeastern | Espírito Santo (ES) | 19.29 | 58 | 173 | 0 | 1,215,414.01 | 81,842.01 | Medium |
| Minas Gerais (MG) | 20.42 | 68 | 269 | 4 | 24,114,461.08 | 2,248,188.59 | Medium | |
| Rio de Janeiro (RJ) | 3.66 | 60 | 190 | 0 | 1,372,636.08 | 49,981.02 | Medium | |
| São Paulo (SP) | 5.90 | 81 | 222 | 0 | 5,382,844.08 | 478,037.04 | Medium | |
| Southern | Paraná (PR) | 13.54 | 77 | 190 | 0 | 5,767,018.90 | 391,339.89 | Low |
| Rio Grande do Sul (RS) | 7.53 | 82 | 153 | 1 | 13,863,748.76 | 4,211,494.82 | Low | |
| Santa Catarina (SC) | 14.17 | 44 | 159 | 0 | 4,721,413.89 | 219,999.22 | Medium | |
| Central-West | Distrito Federal (DF) |
2.70 | 37 | 129 | 0 | 259,434.78 | 14,896.05 | Medium |
| Goiás (GO) | 15.04 | 78 | 183 | 1 | 12,590,629.75 | 1,539,269.42 | Low | |
| Mato Grosso (MT) | 208.70 | 59 | 257 | 65 | 60,049,531.23 | 12,720,723.82 | High | |
| Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) |
29.84 | 96 | 195 | 27 | 14,782,805.64 | 1,463,539.43 | Medium |