TABLE 4.
OR | 95% CI | P Value | aOR | 95% CI | P Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N=365,202 | ||||||
Contraceptive method (ref: sterilization) | ||||||
Pills | 7.48 | 7.14, 7.83 | <.001 | 7.64 | 7.17, 8.15 | <.001 |
Condoms | 15.19 | 14.20, 16.25 | <.001 | 10.64 | 9.85, 11.50 | <.001 |
Injectables | 2.95 | 2.80, 3.11 | <.001 | 2.33 | 2.15, 2.53 | <.001 |
Implants | 0.73 | 0.67, 0.79 | <.001 | 0.61 | 0.55, 0.68 | <.001 |
IUDs | 2.42 | 2.29, 2.56 | <.001 | 1.58 | 1.47, 1.70 | <.001 |
Other modern | 10.61 | 7.76, 14.49 | <.001 | 8.73 | 6.23, 12.22 | <.001 |
Age, years (ref: 40–49) | ||||||
15–19 | 3.30 | 3.04, 3.59 | <.001 | 2.03 | 1.81, 2.26 | <.001 |
20–24 | 2.22 | 2.12, 2.32 | <.001 | 1.48 | 1.40, 1.56 | <.001 |
25–29 | 1.72 | 1.65, 1.79 | <.001 | 1.36 | 1.29, 1.43 | <.001 |
30–34 | 1.51 | 1.45, 1.57 | <.001 | 1.27 | 1.22, 1.34 | <.001 |
35–39 | 1.35 | 1.30, 1.39 | <.001 | 1.21 | 1.16, 1.26 | <.001 |
Never married (ref: ever married) | 2.90 | 2.67, 3.15 | <.001 | 1.55 | 1.37, 1.74 | <.001 |
Wealth quintile (ref: poorest) | ||||||
Poorer | 1.24 | 1.18, 1.31 | <.001 | 1.28 | 1.21, 1.35 | <.001 |
Middle | 1.43 | 1.36, 1.51 | <.001 | 1.53 | 1.45, 1.63 | <.001 |
Richer | 2.02 | 1.91, 2.13 | <.001 | 2.14 | 2.01, 2.27 | <.001 |
Richest | 3.86 | 3.64, 4.08 | <.001 | 4.09 | 3.84, 4.37 | <.001 |
Urban residence (ref: rural) | 2.27 | 2.18, 2.36 | <.001 | 1.42 | 1.36, 1.48 | <.001 |
Abbreviation: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IUD, intrauterine device, OR, odds ratio.
Pooled data from 36 Demographic and Health Surveys. Data are pooled across the most recent survey in all countries analyzed. The adjusted model includes survey fixed effects.