Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
| All | U.S.-born White | U.S.-born Black | Foreign-born Hispanic | U.S.-born Hispanic | |||||
| Race/ethnicity and nativity | |||||||||
| U.S.-born White (%) | 61.8 | ||||||||
| U.S.-born Black (%) | 14.5 | ||||||||
| Foreign-born Hispanic (%) | 6.1 | ||||||||
| U.S.-born Hispanic (%) | 17.5 | ||||||||
| Vaccine hesitancy | |||||||||
| Vaccine Hesitancy (mean, range 1–5) | 2.9 | 2.9 | b | 3.2 | a,d | 3.0 | 2.8 | b | |
| (1) Certainly plan to take the vaccine (%) | 30.3 | 33.1 | b,d | 21.6 | a,d | 27.2 | 28.6 | a,b | |
| (2) Very likely to take the vaccine (%) | 12.5 | 11.1 | d | 12.8 | d | 12.0 | 17.2 | a,b | |
| (3) Likely to take vaccine (%) | 17.9 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.5 | 18.9 | ||||
| (4) Less likely to take vaccine (%) | 13.1 | 12.3 | b | 17.2 | a,d | 15.6 | 11.7 | b | |
| (5) Do not plan to take vaccine (%) | 26.2 | 26.1 | 29.8 | d | 25.7 | 23.6 | b | ||
| Anti-vaccine beliefs | |||||||||
| Number anti-vaccine beliefs (mean, range 0–5) | 1.0 | 0.9 | b,c,d | 1.4 | a,c,d | 1.1 | a,b | 1.1 | a,b |
| Government not telling truth about risks (%) | 41.5 | 37.6 | b,c,d | 51.4 | a,d | 52.7 | a | 43.3 | a,b |
| Vaccine causes infertility (%) | 12.6 | 11.7 | d | 11.0 | d | 11.3 | d | 17.7 | a,b,c |
| People my race/ethnicity must be careful (%) | 17.8 | 14.0 | b,d | 32.6 | a,c,d | 18.2 | b | 18.9 | a,b |
| Vaccine gives people Covid-19 (%) | 14.9 | 12.9 | b,d | 21.1 | a,c | 11.8 | b | 17.8 | a |
| Vaccine developed too quickly (%) | 30.5 | 28.6 | b,d | 37.3 | a,c | 25.0 | b,d | 33.5 | a,c |
| Covid-19 risks and experiences | |||||||||
| Friends/family had Covid-19 or died of Covid-19 (%) | 48.7 | 42.0 | b,c,d | 51.2 | a,c,d | 74.7 | a,b,d | 61.7 | a,b,c |
| Employed outside home (%) | 49.5 | 49.8 | 49.9 | 54.4 | 46.7 | ||||
| Health condition puts respondent at risk (%) | 30.2 | 29.8 | b | 34.5 | a,d | 35.9 | d | 26.1 | b,c |
| Other demographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Male (%) | 46.4 | 48.1 | b | 42.8 | a | 46.8 | 43.5 | ||
| Age (mean, range 18–65) | 40.9 | 43.3 | b,c,d | 38.3 | a,d | 39.7 | a,d | 35.1 | a,b,c |
| College+ (%) | 23.9 | 28.6 | b,c,d | 18.1 | a,c | 11.8 | a,b | 16.4 | a |
| Liberal political leanings (%) | 27.7 | 23.2 | b,d | 38.1 | a,c | 22.8 | b,d | 36.9 | a,c |
| Observations | 1936 | 802 | 611 | 92 | 431 | ||||
Notes: Estimates are means or percentages as indicated in the Table. The data were collected as part of the COVID-19 and its Implications for American Communities (CIAC) survey in February and March 2021. The sample is restricted to unvaccinated adults ages 18–65 who identify as U.S.-born White, U.S.-born Black, U.S.-born Hispanic, or foreign-born Hispanic (N = 1936). Significant pairwise group differences (p < .10) are indicated with superscripts: (a) different from U.S.-born White adults, (b) different from U.S.-born Black adults, (c) different from foreign-born Hispanic adults, and (d) different from U.S.-born Hispanic adults.