Fig. 3.

Electrochemical characterization of alkanethiol-based monolayers. A Assessment of through-monolayer electron transfer from ferricyanide. HxSH is hexanethiol, MCH is mercaptohexanol, and MHA is mercaptohexanoic acid. B Complementary measurement of capacitive and oxygen reduction currents in PBS. C The carbonyl groups present in a densely packed monolayer of mercaptohexanoic acid can be used to covalently attach redox reporters. Here, for example, we used the EDC/NHS chemistry to covalently attach NMB to them. The scan rates were 0.1 V/s for panels A and B, and 5 V/s for panel C. Each trace represents the average and shades the standard deviation of 4 electrodes