Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the obese patients
| All (n = 188) | Male (n = 73) | Female (n = 115) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 55.7 ± 15.7 | 54.7 ± 16.7 | 56.4 ± 15.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.2 (28.1–35.0) | 30.6 (27.3–34.2) | 31.8 (28.8–36.3) |
| PBF (%) | 43.0 ± 10.3 | 34.3 ± 7.2 | 48.5 ± 8.0 |
| WC (cm) | 102.0 (97.0–111.0) | 103.0 (98.5–111.0) | 102.0 (95.0–111.0) |
| SMI (kg/m2) | 8.04 ± 1.16 | 8.94 ± 1.04 | 7.47 ± 0.83 |
| HGS (kg) | 29.9 ± 9.8 | 39.6 ± 7.4 | 23.7 ± 4.9 |
| MQ (kg/kg) | 6.55 ± 1.16 | 6.59 ± 1.12 | 6.52 ± 1.18 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136.0 ± 13.6 | 138.0 ± 13.8 | 134.8 ± 13.4 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.1 ± 9.5 | 83.3 ± 9.0 | 81.3 ± 9.8 |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 116.2 ± 32.3 | 117.9 ± 28.0 | 115.2 ± 34.8 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.4 ± 1.2 | 6.4 ± 1.2 | 6.4 ± 1.3 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 133.4 ± 76.2 | 138.8 ± 83.3 | 129.9 ± 71.4 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 57.5 ± 14.9 | 52.4 ± 11.5 | 60.7 ± 15.9 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 118.8 ± 28.1 | 114.8 ± 23.8 | 121.4 ± 30.4 |
| Current smoker (%) | 8.5 | 12.3 | 6.1 |
| Hypertension (under treatment) (%) | 68.1 (43.1) | 74.0 (45.2) | 64.3 (41.7) |
|
Medications for hypertension (n) (CA/ACEI/ARB/diuretics/β/αβ/DRI) |
68/8/57/19/6/2/1 | 32/4/24/6/4/2/0 | 36/4/33/13/2//0/1 |
| Diabetes (under treatment) (%) | 36.7 (28.2) | 43.8 (31.5) | 32.2 (26.1) |
|
Medications for diabetes (n) (SU/DPP4I/BG/SGLT2I/GLI/αGI/insulin) |
22/35/27/21/1/2/8 | 10/14/12/10/1/2/4 | 12/21/15/11/0/0/4 |
| Dyslipidemia (under treatment) (%) | 70.7 (45.7) | 74.0 (56.2) | 68.7 (39.1) |
|
Medications for dyslipidemia (n) (statin/fibrate/ω3) |
67/3/25 | 30/1/14 | 37/2/11 |
| CVD risk score | 1.76 ± 0.89 | 1.92 ± 0.86 | 1.65 ± 0.90 |
Data are mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range), or frequency percentage
BMI body mass index, PBF percentage body fat, WC waist circumference, SMI skeletal muscle mass index, HGS handgrip strength, MQ muscle quality, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, CA calcium channel antagonist, ACEI ACE inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, β β-blockade, αβ αβ-blockade, DRI direct renin inhibitor, SU sulfonyl urea, DPP4I dipeptidyl peptidase–4 inhibitor, BG biguanide, SGLT2I sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, GLI glinide, αGI alpha glucosidase inhibitor, CVD cardiovascular disease