Table 4.

Trials of investigational agents in relapsed/refractory myeloma.

Investigational agents: Immunological approaches
Trial	Phase	Agents	Outcome	References
KarMMa	II	idecabtagene vicleucel ide-cel, bb2121	ORR 73%, CR 33%, 26% MRD-, median PFS 8.8 months	[53]
CARTITUDE-1	I/II	Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel)	ORR 96.9%, 34% MRD-negative CR, 2-year PFS 60.5%	[54]
MajesTEC-1	I/II	teclistimab	ORR 62%, 9-month PFS 58.5%	[55, 56]
Investigational agents: BCL-2 inhibition
	II	Venetoclax-Kd	ORR 80% in all patients, 92% in t(11:14). ≥CRR 41% median PFS 22.8 months	[59]
BELLINI	III	Venetoclax-Vd vs. Vd	Median PFS 22.4 vs. 11.5 months, increased overall mortality with Venetoclax. Venetoclax-Vd increased PFS in patients with t(11;14) (HR = 0.10) or high bcl-2 expression (HR = 0.26), also increased MRD- rate (19% vs. 0) with no increased mortality	[60]

Kd carfilzomib-dexamethasone, Vd bortezomib-dexamethasone.