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. 2022 Jun 29;12:10948. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14857-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Metagenomic analysis of human oral microbiota cultivated under different carbon sources. Saliva samples from donors #1 to #3 were anaerobically grown in nutrient-poor medium (1/20 × GAM) or the same liquid medium but containing glucose or HA as a carbon source. (a) Genera frequency profiles averaged among three donors. Saliva samples before inoculation and the microbial communities after 1-day cultivation were subjected to 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis. (b) Estimated growth profiles of Fusobacterium, Granulicatella, Streptococcus, and Veillonella genera in the microbial communities, averaged among three donors. Growth was estimated by multiplying the occupancy and whole optical density at 600 nm (OD₆₀₀) value. *p < 0.05, significant growth promotion compared to the original saliva sample (t test). HA promoted the growth of Granulicatella.