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. 2022 Jun 29;7:205. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01058-z

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

Strategies to improve the infiltration, activation, and survival of CAR-NK cells in the TME. Expressing a CAR on NK cells can alter the profiles of chemokine receptors, selectins, and cytokines, boosting the infiltration of NK cells into the TME and modulating the TME’s immune microenvironment. Co-expression and administration of cytokine(s) and chemokine(s) or a corresponding receptor with a CAR have multiple effects on NK cell-based immunotherapy, including on infiltration, activation, and survival of NK cells in the TME. In addition, a switch receptor strategy was used to equip a CAR with an extracellular domain targeting a suppressive antigen in the TME and an intracellular domain with an activation signal. This strategy (to produce TN-CAR and 4/7 ICR CAR, for example) converts the TME’s suppressive signal into an activation signal, enhancing NK cell effector functions. 4/7 ICR-CAR: IL4R-IL-7R-CAR. Created with BioRender.com