Figure 2.

Grouped boxplots of IV infusion analgosedatives on average Neurologic Pupil Index (NPi) and average resting pupil size. Dexmedetomidine and other IV infusion analgosedatives on pupil reactivity and size. Grouped boxplots showing the effect of dexmedetomidine and other IV infusion analgosedatives on (A) average Neurologic Pupil Index (NPi) and (B) average resting pupil size between both eyes. Displayed are boxes outlining the median, 25th, and 75th quartiles. Sample sizes presented are the total number of patients and pupil observations associated with the medication. (+) exposure represents an initiation or increase in medication dose, whereas (−) exposure represents absent, static, or decrease in medication dose. p values were calculated using univariate mixed-effects linear regression. Our model was constructed as follows: average NPi (or average resting pupil size) ~ Primary medication exposure (dichotomous) + 1|patient indicator + error. α = 0.025* due to Bonferroni correction. M = pupil observations, N = patients.