Table 3.
Certainty assessment (GRADE tool) for the quantitative cephalometric variables evaluated.
| Certainty assessment | Summary of findings | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants (studies) Follow up | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Overall certainty of evidence | Study event rates (%) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Anticipated absolute effects | ||
| With control | With OSA | Risk with control | Risk difference with OSA | ||||||||
| SNA | |||||||||||
| 119 (3 observational studies) | not serious | seriousa | not serious | very seriousb | none | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW | 54 | 65 | - | The mean SNA was 81.5º | MD 0.69º higher (0.63 lower to 2 higher) |
| SNB | |||||||||||
| 119 (3 observational studies) | not serious | very seriousc | not serious | very seriousb | none | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW | 54 | 65 | - | The mean SNB was 76.81º | MD 0.17º higher (1.02 lower to 1.36 higher) |
| ANB | |||||||||||
| 119 (3 observational studies) | not serious | not serious | not serious | serious | none | ⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE | 54 | 65 | - | The mean ANB was 4.7º | MD 0.61º higher (0.2 lower to 1.42 higher) |
| NSBa | |||||||||||
| 119 (3 observational studies) | not serious | not serious | not serious | very serious | none | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | 54 | 65 | - | The mean NSBa was 127.11º | MD 0.32º lower (2.4 lower to 1.75 higher) |
| U1-L1 | |||||||||||
| 66 (2 observational studies) | not serious | not serious | not serious | very serious | none | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | 27 | 39 | - | The mean U1-L1 was 125.89º | MD 0.21º lower (4.82 lower to 4.4 higher) |
| U1-SN | |||||||||||
| 66 (2 observational studies) | not serious | not serious | not serious | very seriousb | none | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | 27 | 39 | - | The mean U1-SN was 106.54º | MD 0.67º higher (2.18 lower to 3.52 higher) |
aI2 = 65%. bA large variation in 95% CI was detected. cI2 = 78%.
CI: Confidence interval; MD: Mean difference.