TABLE 1.
Main material properties of the cervical finite element model.
| Component | Constitutive model | Young’s modulus (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio | Element type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cortical bone | Isotropic elastic | E = 10,000 | v = 0.3 | C3D4 |
| C3D8 | ||||
| Cancellous bone | Neo-Hookean | E = 100 | v = 0.3 | C3D4 |
| Tectorial membrane | Neo-Hookean | C01 = 13.462, D = 0.0343 | — | S3 |
| Transverse ligament | Neo-Hookean | C10 = 1.923, D = 0.24 | — | S3 |
| Nucleus pulposus | Mooney–Rivlin | C10 = 0.12, C01 = 0.09, D = 0 | — | C3D8H |
| Annulus ground substance | Neo-Hookean | C10 = 0.1333, C01 = 0.0333, D = 0.6 | — | C3D8H |
| Annulus fibers | Hypoelastic | 350–550 | v = 0.3 | T3D2 |
| Cage | PEEK | E = 3,760 | v = 0.38 | C3D4 |
| Screws and rods | Titanium alloy | E = 110,000 | v = 0.3 | C3D4 |