TABLE 2.
Primary and secondary outcomes in patients treated with catheter-directed therapies (CDT) and systemic thrombolysis (ST).
| Outcome | No of studies | Events/participants | Events | Heterogeneity between trials | P-value for differences across groups | |||
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| CDT group | ST group | OR | 95% CI | P-value | I2 statistic | |||
| Mortality | ||||||||
| In-hospital mortality | 7 | 1,635/25,442 (6.4%) | 6,279/39,563 (15.9%) | 0.40 | 0.30–0.55 | <0.001 | 79% | <0.001 |
| 28-d/30-d mortality | 4 | 59/806 (7.3%) | 220/1,617 (13.6%) | 0.51 | 0.38–0.69 | 0.30 | 18% | <0.001 |
| 90-d mortality | 2 | 4/66 (6.1%) | 7/72 (9.7%) | 0.66 | 0.19–2.28 | 0.61 | 0% | 0.51 |
| RCT | 1 | 4/36 (11.1%) | 6/43 (14.0%) | 0.77 | 0.20–2.98 | NA | NA | 0.71 |
| Non-RCT | 1 | 0/30 (0.0%) | 1/29 (3.4%) | 0.31 | 0.01–7.96 | NA | NA | 0.48 |
| 1-yr mortality | 2 | 82/731 (11.9%) | 293/1,523 (19.4%) | 0.46 | 0.24–0.87 | 0.11 | 61% | 0.02 |
| Hospital resources | ||||||||
| ICU admission | 2 | 29/44 (65.9%) | 43/74 (58.1%) | 2.60 | 0.15–44.78 | 0.06 | 72% | 0.51 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 2 | 129/2,088 (6.2%) | 652/3,420 (19.1%) | 0.59 | 0.10–3.31 | 0.002 | 90% | 0.55 |
| ECLS application | 2 | 117/22,364 (0.5%) | 70/33,597 (0.2%) | 2.52 | 1.88–3.39 | 0.54 | 0% | <0.001 |
| IVC filter insertion | 3 | 5/62 (8.1%) | 7/182 (3.9%) | 1.94 | 0.61–6.14 | 0.20 | 39% | 0.26 |
| Complications | ||||||||
| Acute myocardial infarction | 1 | 963/22,336 (4.3%) | 2,010/33,553 (5.9%) | 0.71 | 0.65–0.77 | NA | NA | <0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury | 2 | 3,157/22,688 (13.9%) | 7,700/34,722 (22.2%) | 1.36 | 0.19–9.82 | 0.003 | 89% | 0.76 |
| Complete heart block | 1 | 65/22,336 (0.3%) | 78/33,553 (0.2%) | 1.25 | 0.90–1.74 | NA | NA | 0.18 |
| Cardiac arrest | 1 | 868/22,336 (3.9%) | 3,764/33,553 (11.2%) | 0.32 | 0.30–0.35 | NA | NA | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 1 | 583/22,336 (2.6%) | 1,982/33,553 (5.9%) | 0.43 | 0.39–0.47 | NA | NA | <0.001 |
| 30-day readmission | 1 | 144/2,060 (6.9%) | 323/3,376 (9.6%) | 0.71 | 0.58–0.87 | NA | NA | 0.001 |
| Bleeding | ||||||||
| Any bleeding complication | 5 | 112/822 (13.6%) | 156/1,647 (9.5%) | 1.51 | 1.16–1.96 | 0.63 | 0% | 0.002 |
| Any major bleeding | 3 | 2,911/24,424 (11.9%) | 6,447/36,973 (17.4%) | 0.61 | 0.53–0.70 | 0.17 | 44% | <0.001 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 5 | 182/25,479 (0.7%) | 801/39,621 (0.1%) | 0.56 | 0.24–1.30 | <0.001 | 83% | 0.18 |
| Gastrointestinal bleed | 3 | 188/2,791 (6.7%) | 445/4,899 (9.1%) | 0.96 | 0.41–2.26 | <0.001 | 88% | 0.92 |
| Hemoptysis | 1 | 17/632 (2.7%) | 14/1,283 (1.1%) | 2.51 | 1.23–5.12 | NA | NA | 0.01 |
| RBC transfusion | 5 | 2,328/24,894 (9.6%) | 5,587/38,388 (14.6%) | 0.54 | 0.37–0.79 | 0.05 | 57% | 0.002 |
CI, confidence interval; ECMO, extracorporeal life support; ICU, intensive care unit; IVA, inferior vena cava; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; RBC, red blood cell.
Statistically significant differences are marked bold.