TABLE 1.
Comparison between the two samples.
| Total sample (n = 1002) | Subsample 1 (n = 501) | Subsample 2 (n = 501) | χ2/t | p | |
| Male (%) | 40.02% | 38.10% | 41.90% | 1.50 | p = 0.221 |
| Female (%) | 59.98% | 61.90% | 58.10% | ||
| Freshman | 28.80% | 28.30% | 29.30% | 4.65 | p = 0.325 |
| Sophomore | 22.80% | 25.00% | 20.60% | ||
| Junior | 35.00% | 32.50% | 37.50% | ||
| Senior | 10.20% | 10.60% | 9.80% | ||
| Postgraduate | 3.20% | 3.60% | 2.80% | ||
| Age (M ± SD) | 20.28 ± 1.54 | 20.27 ± 1.60 | 20.30 ± 1.49 | –0.27 | p = 0.790 |
| C-SDS (M ± SD) | 49.12 ± 8.56 | 48.89 ± 8.57 | 49.34 ± 8.56 | –0.84 | p = 0.403 |
| Attention impulsiveness (M ± SD) | 23.22 ± 5.14 | 22.96 ± 5.06 | 23.49 ± 5.21 | –1.64 | p = 0.101 |
| Multitasking (M ± SD) | 12.41 ± 2.63 | 12.40 ± 2.71 | 12.41 ± 2.55 | –0.07 | p = 0.943 |
| Emotion regulation(M ± SD) | 13.49 ± 2.97 | 13.53 ± 3.03 | 13.44 ± 2.91 | 0.49 | p = 0.625 |
| MSUQ-PM | 35.37 ± 8.04 | 35.26 ± 8.23 | 35.49 ± 7.86 | –0.45 | p = 0.652 |
| MSUQ-NM | 23.03 ± 5.94 | 22.82 ± 5.91 | 23.25 ± 5.96 | –1.15 | p = 0.251 |
| SAS-SV (M ± SD) | 37.35 ± 8.17 | 37.05 ± 8.31 | 37.65 ± 8.02 | –1.16 | p = 0.245 |
| FoMO (M ± SD) | 28.62 ± 8.15 | 28.28 ± 7.94 | 28.96 ± 8.35 | –1.33 | p = 0.185 |
Subsample 1 = The first subsample obtained by randomly dividing the sample data into two halves; Subsample 2 = The second subsample obtained by randomly dividing the sample data into two halves. C-SDS = Chinese smartphone distraction scale; MSUQ-PM = Positive Metacognitions about Smartphone Use Questionnaire; MSUQ-NM = Negative Metacognitions about Smartphone Use Questionnaire; SAS-SV = Smartphone addiction scale-short version; FoMO = Fear of missing out scale. χ2/t = descriptive statistical differences of variables between sample 1 and sample 2.