Table 1.

Bacterial genus/species driving post-pubescent sex differences in referenced studies.

References	Strain	Health status	Highlighted bacterial genus/species driving sex differences	Reported difference between sexes	Effect of microbiome differences on the host
Bridgewater et al. (18)	C57BL/6	Naïve	Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium XIVa	Increased in males	Males were found to be resistant to the effects of stress on activity whereas females showed decreased locomotion after stress.
			Barnesiella, Porphyromonadaceae	Increased in females
Kozik et al. (19)	B6.129S	Naïve	Peptococcaceae, Streptoccocaceae	Increased in males	Males developed more severe colitis
			Turicibacter, Clostridiaceae	Increased in females
Elderman et al. (20)	C57BL/6	Naïve	Eggerthela, Allobaculum (not significantly)	Increased in males	Bacteria increased in abundance in females associated with increased activation, proliferation and migration of leukocytes
			Clostridium difficile, Clostridium leptum, Enterococcus, Turicibacter	Increased in females
	BALB/c	Naïve	Eggerthela, Bifidobacterium	Increased in males	Bacteria increased in abundance in males associated with proliferation of lymphocytes, T cells in particular and migration of leukocytes
			Prevotella spp., Turicibacter (not significantly)	Increased in females
Org et al. (21)	C57BL/6	Naïve	Coprococcus, Bacteroides	Increased in females	N/A
	C3H/He	Naïve	Akkermansia, Coprobacillus, Ruminococcus, Suterella	Increased in males	N/A
Bolnick et al. (22)	C57BL/6	High-fed diet	Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Clostridium, and Lachnospiraceae	Increased in males	N/A
		High-fed diet	Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Clostridium, and Lachnospiraceae	Decreased in females
Bridgewater et al. (18)	C57BL/6	High-fed diet	Ruminococcacea	Increased in males	N/A
		High-fed diet	Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcacea, Peptococcaceae	Increased in females
Wang et al. (23)	C57BL/6	Naïve, colonized with human microbiota	Parabacteroides distasonis, Blautia faecis	Increased in males	N/A
			Clostridium groups, Escherichia fergusonii, Shigella sonnei	Increased in females
Fransen et al. (24)	C57BL/6	Naïve	Ruminococcaceae and Rikenellaceae	Increased in males	Male microbiota upregulates DNA repair and cell cycle genes in female recipients. Female microbiota upregulated IL-10 signaling and completement system genes, influenced by regulation of type I interferon (IFN) production in male recipients.
			Desulfovibrionaceae, Lactobacillaceae	Increased in females
Zhang et al. (17)	MRL/lpr	Model of SLE	Lachnospiraceae	Increased in females	The increased abundance of lachnospiraceae may influence disease development
			Bifidobacterium	Decreased in females
Yurkovetskiy et al. (6)	NOD	Model of Type 1 Diabetes	Experiment 1: Porphyromonadceae, Kineospariaceae, Veillonellaceae	Increased in males	Post-pubescent females develop worse disease than post-pubescent males
			Experiment 2: Enterobacteriaceae, Peptococcaceae	Increased in males
			Experiment 3: Lactobacillaceae, Cytophagaceae	Increased in males
			Experiment 4: Peptostreptococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae	Increased in males
Markle et al. (25)	NOD	Model of Type 1 Diabetes	Roseburia, Coprococcus, Bilophilia	Increased in males	Female mice develop worse disease than males, colonization with male microbiota protects females from disease
			Lachno I.S, Parabacteroides	Increased in females
			Rosburia, Blautia, Coprococcus	Increased in females colonized with male microbiota
			Peptococcus	Decreased in females colonized with a male microbiota
Gomez et al. (26)	HLA-DRB1*0402	Arthritis-resistant control mice	Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. Globosum, Parabacteroides distasonis	Increased in males	Sex-differences are lost in arthritis-susceptible HLA-DRB1*0401 mice
			Barnesiella viscericola	Increased in females