Table 4.

Visual damage classification [15]

Damage classification	Description	Representative image
None	No signs of cracks on the ends or the sides of the cylinders
Minor	Short and thin cracks on the ends but no damage on the sides of the cylinders
Moderate	Long and deep cracks on the ends; some cracking on the sides of the cylinders
Severe	Large amount of spalling at the ends of the cylinder; some cracking on the sides and middle but middle is still intact
Failure	More than half of the cylinder has spalled; cracks throughout the volume

The cylinder width is ~10 cm