Table 3.
Overview of IL-1, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 changes in different samples of the COVID-19 patients and their associated clinical or para-clinical features
| Sample/clinical or para-clinical feature | IL-1 | IL-18 | IL-33 | IL-36 | IL-37 | IL-38 | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum/plasma | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑/↓ | ↑ | [13, 43, 199, 220, 222, 223] |
| BALF | ↑ | N/A | ↑ | N/A | N/A | N/A | [73, 202, 203] |
| Feces | NS | ↑ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [164, 226] |
| Genome | N/A | * | * | N/A | * | N/A | [171, 204, 224] |
| Postmortem lung tissue | N/A | N/A | ↓ | N/A | N/A | N/A | [176] |
| Postmortem cardiac tissue | N/A | ↑ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [162] |
| Clinical phenotypes of the COVID-19 in children | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | N/A | N/A | N/A | [158–160, 206] |
| Disease severity | + | + | + | + | - | - | [42, 153, 199, 220, 223] |
| Organ damage markers | + | + | + | N/A | N/A | N/A | [42, 135, 196] |
| Seroconversion | N/A | N/A | + | N/A | N/A | N/A | [200, 203] |
↑: Increase; ↓: Decrease; + : Positive correlation; − : Negative correlation; *: Association; N/A: not applicable; NS: not-significant