Table 3.
Adjusted Risk of Death Among SARS-CoV-2 Positive Veterans by Medication (N = 26,508)
| Post-index medication | Dead^ n (%) |
Alive^ n (%) |
Multiplicity-corrected aRR (95%CI)˅ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted¶ | Adjusted‡ | |||
| N (%) | 1,612 (6) | 24,896 (94) | ||
| ACEi | 155 (10) | 4,960 (20) | .44 (.37–.54) | .43 (.35–.53) |
| ARBs | 101 (6) | 2,608 (10) | .59 (.47–.73) | .54 (.43–.69) |
| α-Blockers | 357 (22) | 5,274 (21) | 1.1 (.94–1.2) | .58 (.51–.66) |
| Anti-Androgens* | 167 (11) | 1,621 (7) | 1.5 (1.2–1.7) | .61 (.51–.73) |
| Antihistamines | 260 (16) | 7,340 (29) | .48 (.40–.57) | .57 (.49–.66) |
| Colchicine | 9 (1) | 393 (2) | .36 (.17–.78) | .32 (.15–.67) |
| Metformin | 73 (5) | 3,883 (16) | .27 (.20–.37) | .33 (.25–.43) |
| Nicotine | 20 (1) | 752 (3) | .42 (.26–.68) | .60 (.31–1.1) |
| NSAID | 485 (30) | 9,802 (39) | .68 (.61–.76) | .69 (.61–.78) |
| Statins | 638 (40) | 10,198 (41) | .95 (.79–1.1) | .54 (.46–.62) |
| Vitamin D | 43 (3) | 976 (4) | .69 (.48–.98) | .53 (.37–.77) |
^Non-referent group of the indicated medication. ˅Confidence intervals corrected for multiplicity across indicated post-index medications using the Hochberg step-up procedure. ¶Main effect model for indicated medication, unadjusted for covariates. ‡Main effect model for indicated medication, adjusted for Age (≤60, 61–70, 71–80, >80), Alcohol Use Disorder (Yes, No), BMI (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, ≥30), Charlson Comorbidity Index (0, 1–2, 3–4, 5+), Current Smoker (Yes, No), Hospitalization, Location (Pacific-Mountain, Mid-West/Continental, East Coast), Post-Index Corticosteroid use, Race (White, Black, Other Race), Sex (Male, Female), and Time (March, April–September). *Men only (N=23,656). ACEi angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors; ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers, aRR adjusted relative risk, BMI body mass index (kg/m2, kg = kilograms, m = meters), CI confidence interval, NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2