Table 7.

Standardised indirect effects with 95% confidence intervals

Model pathways	Female gamers (n = 391)						Male gamers (n = 282)
	Point estimates	Standard error	95% CI		z	p	Point estimates	Standard error	95% CI		z	p
			Lower	Upper					Lower	Upper
Emotional/Deprivation → Depression → PVG	0.007	0.009	− 0.009	0.028	0.78	0.435	− 0.026	0.018	− 0.067	0.006	− 1.41	0.158
Defectiveness/Unlovability → Depression → PVG	0.003	0.007	− 0.009	0.019	0.39	0.695	− 0.006	0.012	− 0.034	0.015	− 0.53	0.598
Mistrust → Depression → PVG	− 0.001	0.006	− 0.014	0.013	− 0.04	0.966	0.002	0.010	− 0.019	0.025	0.17	0.863
Social Isolation/Alienation → Depression → PVG	0.010	0.012	− 0.011	0.035	0.83	0.406	− 0.014	0.013	− 0.045	0.005	− 1.07	0.285
Emotional Inhibition → Depression → PVG	− 0.001	0.004	− 0.011	0.008	− 0.17	0.862	− 0.015	0.013	− 0.045	0.004	− 1.17	0.241
Pessimism/Worry → Depression → PVG	0.008	0.011	− 0.010	0.034	0.70	0.487	− 0.020	0.018	− 0.063	0.006	− 1.09	0.277
Practical Incompetence/Dependence → Depression → PVG	0.002	0.006	− 0.009	0.018	0.35	0.726	0.002	0.012	− 0.023	0.029	0.14	0.889
Vulnerability to Harm or Illness → Depression → PVG	0.004	0.008	− 0.008	0.024	0.54	0.592	− 0.013	0.013	− 0.044	0.007	− 0.94	0.346
Abandonment → Depression → PVG	0.001	0.005	− 0.010	0.012	0.12	0.902	0.002	0.011	− 0.021	0.027	0.16	0.871
Enmeshment → Depression → PVG	− 0.003	0.005	− 0.017	0.006	− 0.56	0.577	− 0.002	0.008	− 0.018	0.014	− 0.22	0.829
Failure to Achieve → Depression → PVG	0.009	0.011	− 0.011	0.035	0.78	0.438	0.010	0.014	− 0.012	0.045	0.72	0.469
Subjugation → Depression → PVG	0.005	0.008	− 0.007	0.024	0.66	0.511	0.004	0.012	− 0.018	0.032	0.34	0.733
Self-sacrifice → Depression → PVG	− 0.001	0.004	− 0.011	0.007	− 0.26	0.795	0.002	0.008	− 0.014	0.020	0.21	0.833
Unrelenting Standards → Depression → PVG	0.001	0.005	− 0.009	0.013	0.21	0.836	− 0.011	0.010	− 0.035	0.003	− 1.13	0.259
Self-Punitiveness → Depression → PVG	0.003	0.007	− 0.007	0.020	0.52	0.605	0.007	0.010	− 0.008	0.030	0.76	0.449
Entitlement/Superiority → Depression → PVG	− 0.005	0.007	− 0.021	0.006	− 0.76	0.449	0.019	0.014	− 0.004	0.052	1.29	0.198
Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline → Depression → PVG	0.002	0.005	− 0.006	0.015	0.47	0.642	− 0.038	0.026	− 0.094	0.008	− 1.47	0.142
Admiration/Recognition Seeking → Depression → PVG	− 0.001	0.004	− 0.010	0.008	− 0.13	0.901	0.013	0.012	− 0.004	0.042	1.07	0.287
Emotional/Deprivation → Anxiety → PVG	0.004	0.008	− 0.011	0.023	0.49	0.622	0.002	0.006	− 0.007	0.017	0.43	0.669
Defectiveness/Unlovability → Anxiety → PVG	− 0.002	0.010	− 0.023	0.018	− 0.20	0.843	− 0.003	0.009	− 0.024	0.013	− 0.33	0.744
Mistrust → Anxiety → PVG	− 0.025	0.016	− 0.061	0.001	− 1.57	0.116	− 0.007	0.010	− 0.030	0.009	− 0.68	0.497
Social Isolation/Alienation → Anxiety → PVG	− 0.026	0.015	− 0.061	− 0.002	− 1.71	0.087	0.016	0.020	− 0.021	0.058	0.82	0.415
Emotional Inhibition → Anxiety → PVG	0.005	0.008	− 0.009	0.024	0.64	0.526	0.001	0.006	− 0.013	0.013	0.01	0.990
Pessimism/Worry → Anxiety → PVG	− 0.040	0.022	− 0.089	− 0.003	− 1.85	0.065	0.027	0.032	− 0.035	0.093	0.84	0.400
Practical Incompetence/Dependence → Anxiety → PVG	− 0.012	0.012	− 0.038	0.007	− 1.00	0.319	− 0.006	0.010	− 0.032	0.010	− 0.58	0.561
Vulnerability to Harm or Illness → Anxiety → PVG	− 0.020	0.014	− 0.052	0.001	− 1.49	0.138	0.015	0.018	− 0.019	0.054	0.80	0.424
Abandonment → Anxiety → PVG	− 0.015	0.011	− 0.040	0.001	− 1.34	0.180	0.012	0.015	− 0.016	0.045	0.78	0.436
Enmeshment → Anxiety → PVG	0.005	0.008	− 0.008	0.023	0.66	0.511	− 0.001	0.005	− 0.014	0.008	− 0.28	0.782
Failure to Achieve → Anxiety → PVG	0.005	0.011	− 0.015	0.030	0.49	0.628	− 0.003	0.008	− 0.024	0.011	− 0.39	0.698
Subjugation → Anxiety → PVG	0.001	0.010	− 0.020	0.021	0.05	0.957	0.001	0.006	− 0.013	0.015	0.07	0.945
Self-sacrifice → Anxiety → PVG	0.010	0.008	− 0.001	0.029	1.27	0.203	− 0.001	0.005	− 0.013	0.008	− 0.27	0.788
Unrelenting Standards → Anxiety → PVG	− 0.009	0.009	− 0.029	0.005	− 1.03	0.304	0.006	0.008	− 0.009	0.026	0.74	0.462
Self-Punitiveness → Anxiety → PVG	− 0.006	0.009	− 0.027	0.010	− 0.71	0.476	− 0.007	0.009	− 0.028	0.009	− 0.77	0.442
Entitlement/Superiority → Anxiety → PVG	0.013	0.009	− 0.001	0.035	1.48	0.140	− 0.004	0.008	− 0.024	0.008	− 0.58	0.561
Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline → Anxiety → PVG	0.001	0.008	− 0.013	0.018	0.19	0.849	0.006	0.010	− 0.010	0.029	0.65	0.514
Admiration/Recognition Seeking → Anxiety → PVG	− 0.008	0.009	− 0.028	0.005	− 0.97	0.334	− 0.001	0.005	− 0.011	0.009	− 0.11	0.915

PVG, problematic video gaming