TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the data sources.
| Trait | Data source | Sample size (case/control) | Ancestry | Use | Phenotype/case definition | Covariates adjusted in GWAS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-reported walking pace | Timmins et al. (2020) | 450,967 | European | Exposure | Category phenotype: “slow,” “steady/average,” or “brisk" | Age, sex, genotyping array, and the first 20 principal components of ancestry |
| Atrial fibrillation | Nielsen et al. (2018) | 60,620/970,216 | European | Outcome | ICD-10 code I48 or ICD-9 code 427.3 or 12-lead ECG at the examinations | Birth year, sex, genotype batch, and principal components 1–4 |
| Atrial fibrillation | FinnGen Consortium (2021) | 22,068/116,926 | European | Outcome for replication analyses | ICD-10 code I48 | Sex, age, 10 principal components, and genotyping batch |
| Heart failure | HERMES Shah et al. (2020) | 47,309/930,014 | European | Outcome | Self-reported, physician diagnosis, or the ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes for discharge diagnosis | Age, sex, and principal components in individual studies, where applicable |
| Heart failure | FinnGen Consortium (2021) | 23,397/194,811 | European | Outcome for replication analyses | ICD-10 code I11.0, I13.0, I13.2, I50 | Sex, age, 10 principal components, and genotyping batch |
| Any stroke | MEGASTROKE Malik et al. (2018) | 40,585/406,111 | European | Outcome | Rapidly developing signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function, lasting more than 24 h or leading to death with no apparent cause other than that of vascular origin | Age and sex |
| Any stroke | FinnGen Consortium (2021) | 18,661/162,201 | European | Outcome for replication analyses | ICD-10 code I60, I61, I62, I63, I64, G45 | Sex, age, 10 principal components, and genotyping batch |
| Ischemic stroke | MEGASTROKE Malik et al. (2018) | 34,217/406,111 | European | Outcome | IS was defined based on clinical and imaging criteria | Age and sex |
| Ischemic stroke | FinnGen Consortium (2021) | 10,551/202,223 | European | Outcome for replication analyses | ICD-10 code I63, I64 | Sex, age, 10 principal components, and genotyping batch |
| Large artery stroke | MEGASTROKE Malik et al. (2018) | 4,373/146,392 | European | Outcome | Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria | Age and sex |
| Small vessel stroke | MEGASTROKE Malik et al. (2018) | 5,386/192,662 | European | Outcome | Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria | Age and sex |
| Cardioembolic stroke | MEGASTROKE Malik et al. (2018) | 7,193/204,570 | European | Outcome | Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria | Age and sex |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Okada et al. (2014) | 14,361/42,923 | European | Negative control outcome | 1987 criteria of the American College of Rheumatology for RA diagnosis or were diagnosed as RA by a professional rheumatologist | Top 5 or 10 principal components |
| Body mass index | Hoffmann et al. (2018) | 334,487 | Mixed (94.3% European) | Confounder for MVMR analyses | Weight (kg)/height (m)2 | Age, sex, and ancestry |
Abbreviations: GWAS, genome-wide association studies; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; ECG, electrocardiogram; MVMR, regression-based multivariable MR.