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. 2022 Jun 28;69(8):997–1006. doi: 10.1007/s12630-022-02271-8

Table 2.

Hospital characteristics by CIHI hospital peer group

CIHI hospital peer group*27
Teaching Hospitals Community—Large Hospitals Community—Medium Hospitals Community—Small Hospitals
Number of hospitals 7 12 13 17

Cesarean deliveries from

 2007 to 2013, n

34,539 24,142 7,450 3,927

Any opioid dispensed, %,

 mean of hospitals’ means

 in 2007, mean (SD) 38 (22) 35 (22) 36 (22) 28 (26)
 in 2013, mean (SD) 18 (17) 22 (21) 27 (24) 11 (16)
Annual reduction in percent, 2007–2013, mean (SD) of hospitals’ mean reductions 2.5 (3.0) 1.7 (3.5) 1.7 (3.5) 2.0 (3.3)
Annual reduction in odds, 2007–2013, mean odds ratio (95% CI) adjusted for:
 No covariates 0.87 (0.86 to 0.88) 0.86 (0.85 to 0.87) 0.93 (0.91 to 0.94) 0.94 (0.91 to 0.96)
 Length of stay only 0.87 (0.86 to 0.88) 0.87 (0.86 to 0.88) 0.93 (0.91 to 0.94) 0.92 (0.90 to 0.95)
 Length of stay and first-order autocorrelation within hospital as a random effect 0.87 (0.72 to 1.07) 0.79 (0.67 to 0.94) 0.83 (0.72 to 0.96) 0.82 (0.71 to 0.94)

Distribution of hospitals by mean annual change,

 2007–2013

 1.5% to 5.0% 0 3 2 2
 -1.4% to 1.4% 4 3 3 6
 -5.0% to -1.5% 1 4 6 6
 Less than -5.0% 2 2 2 3

*Canadian Institute for Health Information. Indicator Library: Peer Group Methodology, November 2019. Available from URL: https://www.cihi.ca/sites/default/files/document/peer-group-methodology_en.pdf (accessed April 2022)

CI = confidence intervals; CIHI = Canadian Institute for Health Information; SD = standard deviation