Table 4.
Logistic regression analyses for the associations between maternal energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) scores, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations and birth outcomes
| Preterm birth | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| E-DII scores (n = 478) | |||||||||
| E-DII category | |||||||||
| Negative E-DII Group | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| Positive E-DII Group | 0.74 | 0.41; 1.36 | 0.34 | 0.74 | 0.40; 1.37 | 0.34 | |||
| E-DII scores and hs-CRP at visit 1 ( n = 263) | |||||||||
| E-DII category | |||||||||
| Negative E-DII Group | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Positive E-DII Group | 0.70 | 0.28; 1.76 | 0.44 | 0.69 | 0.27; 1.76 | 0.44 | 0.72 | 0.27; 1.87 | 0.49 |
| hs-CRP at visit 1 | 0.98 | 0.86; 1.12 | 0.78 | 0.99 | 0.86; 1.13 | 0.84 | |||
| E-DII scores and hs-CRP at visit 4 (n = 270) | |||||||||
| E-DII category | |||||||||
| Negative E-DII Group | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Positive E-DII Group | 0.64 | 0.25; 1.60 | 0.337 | 0.65 | 0.25; 1.64 | 0.36 | 0.65 | 0.25; 1.68 | 0.37 |
| hs-CRP at visit 4 | 1.18 | 1.03; 1.34 | 0.01 | 1.16 | 1.01; 1.32 | 0.03 | |||
| Small-for-gestational age | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | |||||||
| RR | 95% CI | P | RR | 95% CI | P | RR | 95% CI | P | |
| E-DII scores (n = 478) | |||||||||
| E-DII category | |||||||||
| Negative E-DII Group | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| Positive E-DII Group | 0.98 | 0.54; 1.77 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.52; 1.74 | 0.86 | |||
| E-DII scores and hs-CRP at visit 1 (n = 263) | |||||||||
| E-DII category | |||||||||
| Negative E-DII Group | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Positive E-DII Group | 0.99 | 0.44; 2.21 | 0.974 | 0.99 | 0.44; 2.23 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.39; 2.10 | 0.82 |
| hs-CRP at visit 1 | 1.02 | 0.90; 1.15 | 0.81 | 1.02 | 0.90; 1.16 | 0.77 | |||
| E-DII scores and hs-CRP at visit 4 (n = 270) | |||||||||
| E-DII category | |||||||||
| Negative E-DII Group | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Positive E-DII Group | 1.04 | 0.48; 2.26 | 0.917 | 1.05 | 0.48; 2.28 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.41; 2.16 | 0.88 |
| hs-CRP at visit 4 | 1.04 | 0.92; 1.18 | 0.53 | 1.06 | 0.93; 1.21 | 0.42 | |||
| Large-for-gestational age | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | |||||||
| RR | 95% CI | P | RR | 95% CI | P | RR | 95% CI | P | |
| E-DII scores (n = 478) | |||||||||
| E-DII category | |||||||||
| Negative E-DII Group | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| Positive E-DII Group | 0.78 | 0.29; 2.12 | 0.63 | 0.79 | 0.28; 2.24 | 0.66 | |||
| E-DII scores and hs-CRP at visit 1 (n = 263) | |||||||||
| E-DII category | |||||||||
| Negative E-DII Group | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Positive E-DII Group | 0.32 | 0.04; 2.58 | 0.287 | 0.31 | 0.04; 2.48 | 0.27 | 0.39 | 0.05; 3.25 | 0.38 |
| hs-CRP at visit 1 | 0.73 | 0.54; 0.99 | 0.04 | 0.66 | 0.47; 0.94 | 0.02 | |||
| E-DII scores and hs-CRP at visit 4 (n = 270) | |||||||||
| E-DII category | |||||||||
| Negative E-DII Group | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Positive E-DII Group | 0.46 | 0.06; 3.79 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.06; 3.75 | 0.48 | 0.62 | 0.07; 5.35 | 0.67 |
| hs-CRP at visit 4 | 0.90 | 0.68; 1.20 | 0.47 | 0.85 | 0.62; 1.15 | 0.29 | |||
Model 1(M1): E-DII category adjusted for newborn sex; Model 2 (M2) M1 with hs-CRP concentration; and Model 3 (M3): M2 adjusted for maternal body mass index (kg/m2) at recruitment, gestational weight gain (kg/week), HIV status, parity and smoking status; significant results are presented in bold (P < 0.05)