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. 2022 Jun 30;23:41. doi: 10.1186/s12868-022-00723-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — a–h Accuracy within the Cognition tests in alphabetical order: a AIM accuracy, b DSST accuracy, c ERT accuracy, d LOT accuracy, e MRT accuracy, f NBACK accuracy, g PVT lapses, h VOLT accuracy. Presented in each figure in columns are chronic effects over TIME, exercise PROTOCOL effects, and acute EXERCISE effects. TIME effects are presented for assessments during baseline data collection (BDC), during isolation (ISO1-4), and during the recovery phase (R). For exercise PROTOCOL effects comparing interval (INT, stripped bars) and continuous (CON, full bars) protocols, the mean at the beginning (INT1, CON1) and end (INT2, CON2) of each protocol is displayed. Acute EXERCISE effects from pre- (light grey) to post-exercise (dark grey) are shown. Means are indicated in black line or bar graphs, female individuals are shown in red shades, male individuals in blue shades. Error bars indicate standard deviation. 8i–o Reaction times within the Cognition tests in alphabetical order: i DSST reaction time, j ERT reaction time, k LOT reaction time, l MPT reaction time, m NBACK reaction time, n PVT reaction time, o VOLT reaction time. Presented in each figure in columns are chronic effects over TIME, exercise PROTOCOL effects, and acute EXERCISE effects. TIME effects are presented for assessments during baseline data collection (BDC), during isolation (ISO1-4), and during the recovery phase (R). For exercise PROTOCOL effects comparing interval (INT, stripped bars) and continuous (CON, full bars) protocols, the mean at the beginning (INT1, CON1) and end (INT2, CON2) of each protocol is displayed. Acute EXERCISE effects from pre- (light grey) to post-exercise (dark grey) are shown. Means are indicated in black line or bar graphs, female individuals are shown in red shades, male individuals in blue shades. Error bars indicate standard deviation. For TIME effects, significant differences to BDC are indicated by *, to ISO1 by $, to ISO2 by §, and to ISO3 by #. For exercise PROTOCOL and acuteEXERCISE effects, significant differences are marked by *.

Fig. 8 — a–h Accuracy within the Cognition tests in alphabetical order: a AIM accuracy, b DSST accuracy, c ERT accuracy, d LOT accuracy, e MRT accuracy, f NBACK accuracy, g PVT lapses, h VOLT accuracy. Presented in each figure in columns are chronic effects over TIME, exercise PROTOCOL effects, and acute EXERCISE effects. TIME effects are presented for assessments during baseline data collection (BDC), during isolation (ISO1-4), and during the recovery phase (R). For exercise PROTOCOL effects comparing interval (INT, stripped bars) and continuous (CON, full bars) protocols, the mean at the beginning (INT1, CON1) and end (INT2, CON2) of each protocol is displayed. Acute EXERCISE effects from pre- (light grey) to post-exercise (dark grey) are shown. Means are indicated in black line or bar graphs, female individuals are shown in red shades, male individuals in blue shades. Error bars indicate standard deviation. 8i–o Reaction times within the Cognition tests in alphabetical order: i DSST reaction time, j ERT reaction time, k LOT reaction time, l MPT reaction time, m NBACK reaction time, n PVT reaction time, o VOLT reaction time. Presented in each figure in columns are chronic effects over TIME, exercise PROTOCOL effects, and acute EXERCISE effects. TIME effects are presented for assessments during baseline data collection (BDC), during isolation (ISO1-4), and during the recovery phase (R). For exercise PROTOCOL effects comparing interval (INT, stripped bars) and continuous (CON, full bars) protocols, the mean at the beginning (INT1, CON1) and end (INT2, CON2) of each protocol is displayed. Acute EXERCISE effects from pre- (light grey) to post-exercise (dark grey) are shown. Means are indicated in black line or bar graphs, female individuals are shown in red shades, male individuals in blue shades. Error bars indicate standard deviation. For TIME effects, significant differences to BDC are indicated by *, to ISO1 by $, to ISO2 by §, and to ISO3 by #. For exercise PROTOCOL and acuteEXERCISE effects, significant differences are marked by *.