Table 2.
Dietary characteristics of clusters; macronutrients shown as a percentage of total energy intake
| Cluster | Cluster size | Energy (kJ/d)* | Carbohydrate (CHO) | Sugar | Fibre | Fat | Saturated fat (SFA) | Polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) | Protein |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| up – low PUFA, low protein† | 30 231 | 9460·86 | 52·19 | 25·96 | 1·32 | 32·31 | 13·66 | 5·03 | 14·30 |
| cfP – low CHO low fat, high protein | 22 700 | 8173·76 | 45·06 | 20·23 | 1·41 | 29·47 | 11·11 | 5·27 | 18·61 |
| Cf – high CHO, low fat | 22 215 | 7950·70 | 57·47 | 30·33 | 2·01 | 25·80 | 9·52 | 4·96 | 16·39 |
| cF – low CHO, and high fat | 23 668 | 9245·26 | 40·98 | 17·52 | 1·24 | 39·45 | 15·77 | 6·66 | 16·27 |
| U – high PUFA | 22 149 | 9023·98 | 48·15 | 21·53 | 1·72 | 35·34 | 11·62 | 8·37 | 15·48 |
| Clusters, standardised‡ | |||||||||
| up | 30 231 | NA | 0·43 | 0·43 | –0·40 | –0·04 | 0·41 | –0·51 | –0·58 |
| cfP | 22 700 | NA | –0·50 | –0·47 | –0·22 | –0·53 | –0·46 | –0·38 | 0·82 |
| Cf | 22 215 | NA | 1·13 | 1·11 | 0·98 | –1·16 | –1·00 | –0·54 | 0·10 |
| cF | 23 668 | NA | –1·04 | –0·89 | –0·57 | 1·19 | 1·13 | 0·35 | 0·06 |
| U | 22 149 | NA | –0·10 | –0·26 | 0·40 | 0·48 | –0·28 | 1·25 | –0·20 |
*
The mean energy intake per cluster is shown here for reference; since macronutrients were included as a percentage of total energy intake, mean energy intake was not used to determine the dietary clusters.
†
Naming and definition of clusters were based on the standardised values, with a >0·5 difference from 0 used to name the clusters as ‘high’ or ‘low’ in certain macronutrients.
‡
Clusters were standardised to aid comparison, and the standardised clusters were then used in analyses.