Table 3. Associations of Fetal and Infant Growth With Childhood Carotid Measurements From Conditional Analyses.
| Infant and fetal weight | Difference in SDS (95% CI)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carotid intima-media thickness, mm (n = 2249) | Carotid distensibility, ×10–3 kPa–1 (n = 2137) | |||
| Confounder model | BMI model | Confounder model | BMI model | |
| At fetal weight 20 wk | 0.04 (−0.01 to 0.08) | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.04) | −0.00 (−0.05 to 0.04) |
| At fetal weight 30 wk | 0.08 (0.04 to 0.12)b | 0.08 (0.04 to 0.12)b | −0.03 (−0.08 to 0.01) | −0.03 (−0.07 to 0.02) |
| At birth | 0.05 (0.01 to 0.09)c | 0.05 (0.004 to 0.09)c | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.04) | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05) |
| At 6 mo | 0.05 (0.01 to 0.10)c | 0.05 (0.004 to 0.09)c | −0.04 (−0.09 to −0.001)c | −0.01 (−0.06 to 0.03) |
| At 12 mo | 0.06 (0.02 to 0.10)c | 0.05 (0.01 to 0.09)c | −0.05 (−0.09 to −0.01)c | −0.03 (−0.07 to 0.02) |
| At 24 mo | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.11)c | 0.06 (0.02 to 0.10)c | −0.10 (−0.15 to −0.06)b | −0.08 (−0.12 to −0.03)b |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); SDS, standard deviation score.
Values are regression coefficients (95% CIs) and reflect the differences in carotid intima-media thickness (SDS) and carotid distensibility (SDS) per SDS change in infant and fetal weight from conditional models. Estimates are from multiple imputed data. The confounder model is adjusted for child age at the outcome visit and sex, maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, educational level, race and ethnicity, folic acid use, smoking, and gestational hypertensive disorders. The BMI model is the confounder model additionally adjusted for sex-adjusted and gestational age–adjusted child BMI at the outcome measurement.
P < .001.
P < .05.