Table 2.
Maternal and obstetrical characteristics of the cohort 2018–2019
| Variable | PER total | PER urban | PER rural |
| n=14 527 | n=9435 (65%) | n=5092 (35%) | |
| Age (years) median (IQR) | 27 (23–32) | 28 (23–33) | 26 (22–31) |
| Living with HIV at pregnancy outcome | 3931 (27.1) | 3241 (34.3) | 690 (13.6) |
| Obstetric ultrasound present n (%) | 5583 (38.4) | 4063 (43.1) | 1520 (29.9) |
| Early ultrasound (ie, <22 weeks) n (% of ultrasound) | 3345 (59.9) | 2393 (58.9) | 952 (62.6) |
| Potentially unsafe medicine exposure | 1287 (9.0) | 857 (9.3) | 430 (8.5) |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) median (IQR) | 40 (37–40) | 40 (36–40) | 39 (35–40) |
| Birth weight (g) median (IQR) | 3100 (2750–3440) | 3140 (2800–3480) | 2975 (2575–3320) |
| Low birth weight* n (%) | 1736 (12.0) | 879 (9.3) | 857 (16.8) |
| Premature birth† n(%) | 2949 (20.3) | 1735 (18.4) | 1214 (23.8) |
| Pregnancy outcome n (%) | |||
| Live birth | 12 419 (85.5) | 1189 (82.3) | 4630 (90.9) |
| Stillbirth | 296 (2.0) | 180 (1.9) | 116 (2.3) |
| Neonatal death‡ | 109 (0.8) | 71 (0.5) | 36 (0.7) |
| Miscarriage | 395 (2.7) | 318 (3.4) | 77 (1.5) |
| Ectopic pregnancy | 82 (0.6) | 60 (0.6) | 22 (0.4) |
| Termination of pregnancy | 273 (1.9) | 223 (2.4) | 50 (1.0) |
| Unknown | 953 (6.6) | 792 (8.4) | 161 (3.1) |
| Delivery method§ n(%) | |||
| Born before arrival at birthing facility | 608 (4.7) | 245 (3.1) | 363 (7.6) |
| Vaginal delivery | 7587 (59.2) | 4655 (57.9) | 2932 (61.3) |
| Assisted delivery¶ | 140 (1.1) | 51 (0.6) | 89 (1.9) |
| Caesarean section | 3416 (26.6) | 2411 (30.0) | 1005 (21.0) |
| Unknown | 1073 (8.4) | 680 (8.5) | 393 (8.2) |
| Infant outcome§ n(%) | |||
| Stillborn | 296 (2.3) | 180 (2.2) | 116 (2.4) |
| Early neonatal death‡ | 80 (0.6) | 55 (0.7) | 25 (0.5) |
| Late neonatal death | 29 (0.2) | 18 (0.2) | 11 (0.2) |
| Alive | 12 419 (96.8) | 7798 (96.9) | 4630 (96.8) |
| Tobacco use** n(%) | |||
| Current user | 1297 (8.9) | 87 (0.9) | 1210 (23.8) |
| Past user | 55 (0.4) | 13 (0.1) | 42 (0.8) |
| Never user | 9997 (68.8) | 7222 (76.5) | 2775 (54.5) |
| Not reported | 3178 (21.9) | 2113 (14.5) | 1065 (7.3) |
| Alcohol use** n(%) | |||
| Current user | 588 (4.1) | 339 (3.6) | 249 (4.9) |
| Past user | 167 (1.2) | 66 (0.7) | 101 (2.0) |
| Never user | 10 570 (72/8) | 6885 (73.0) | 3685 (72.4) |
| Not reported | 3202 (22.0) | 2145 (14.8) | 1057 (7.3) |
*Birthweight <2500 g; liveborn infants only.
†Birth <37 completed weeks gestation; liveborn infants only.
‡Neonatal death: death before 28 days of life; early neonatal death: death before 7 days of life; late neonatal death: death between 8 and 28 days of life.
§Viable pregnancies (ie, >27 weeks gestation) (n=12 824).
¶Forceps or vacuum delivery.
**Reported at first antenatal visit.
PER, Pregnancy Exposure Registry.