Table 1.
Routes of Abuse among Primary Prescription Opioid Abuse Treatment Admissions by Select Demographic Groups by Year, United States, 2004–2013.
| 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| Overall | 58,125 | 69,939 | 83,411 | 98,792 | 122,613 | 144,272 | 166,474 | 193,600 | 169,055 | 153,870 |
| Usual Route of Abuse Oral | ||||||||||
| N (%) | 42,489 (73.1) | 50,209 (71.8) | 59,191 (71.0) | 70,148 (71.0) | 84,712 (69.1) | 95,297 (66.1) | 102,739 (61.7) | 113,307 (58.5) | 98,923 (58.5) | 90,574 (58.9)* |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| male | 21,235 (69.4) | 25,571 (68.4) | 30,308 (67.8) | 35,578 (67.7) | 42,432 (65.5) | 47,901 (62.3) | 51,689 (58.2) | 56,931 (55.4) | 49,235 (54.9) | 45,186 (55.6)* |
| female | 21,239 (77.3) | 24,626 (75.8) | 28,871 (74.6) | 34,555 (74.8) | 42,268 (73.2) | 47,387 (70.3) | 51,036 (65.8) | 56,359 (62.1) | 49,678 (62.6) | 45,376 (62.5)* |
| Age, years | ||||||||||
| 12–17 | 662 (63.1) | 799 (65.7) | 841 (62.2) | 1,039 (64.1) | 1,497 (62.3) | 1,740 (59.0) | 1,586 (54.3) | 1,528 (51.1) | 1,098 (50.4) | 811 (52.7) |
| 18–24 | 7,516 (58.0) | 9,688 (58.5) | 11,763 (57.8) | 14,448 (57.4) | 17,847 (55.9) | 20,376 (51.8) | 22,076 (47.1) | 22,255 (42.5) | 17,704 (41.9) | 14,174 (42.6)* |
| 25–34 | 13,531 (72.1) | 16,488 (70.3) | 20,306 (69.0) | 25,344 (69.7) | 32,453 (68.0) | 38,093 (65.8) | 42,402 (61.4) | 48,338 (58.0) | 42,895 (57.6) | 39,526 (56.6)* |
| 35–44 | 11,952 (80.6) | 12,821 (79.3) | 14,373 (79.6) | 15,866 (80.0) | 17,624 (78.2) | 18,835 (76.3) | 19,464 (72.7) | 21,747 (70.3) | 19,604 (69.1) | 19,184 (68.2)* |
| 45–54 | 7,318 (83.7) | 8,478 (82.7) | 9,685 (83.6) | 10,756 (84.6) | 11,968 (84.1) | 12,495 (83.2) | 12,902 (81.2) | 14,263 (79.8) | 12,617 (78.5) | 11,581 (77.5)* |
| 55 and older | 1,510 (85.3) | 1,935 (85.0) | 2,223 (84.5) | 2,695 (87.3) | 3,323 (87.2) | 3,758 (86.1) | 4,309 (86.5) | 5,176 (85.7) | 5,005 (86.2) | 5,298 (85.3) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 35,021 (73.6) | 40,970 (72.0) | 50,374 (71.1) | 65,505 (71.0) | 72,356 (68.8) | 80,287 (65.6) | 87,468 (61.1) | 95,262 (57.3) | 82,526 (57.1) | 74,155 (57.3)* |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1,910 (72.2) | 2,079 (73.4) | 2,542 (76.0) | 2,898 (81.1) | 3,457 (82.2) | 4,069 (81.0) | 4,393 (79.8) | 5,868 (78.7) | 5,517 (78.6) | 5,742 (78.8)* |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 995 (61.8) | 1,245 (58.3) | 1,565 (61.8) | 1,987 (59.9) | 2,343 (59.5) | 2,806 (55.7) | 3,027 (53.8) | 3,439 (56.5) | 3,372 (54.3) | 3,408 (55.6)* |
| Hispanic | 1,474 (78.7) | 2,024 (78.0) | 2,592 (79.0) | 3,027 (80.3) | 3,938 (79.0) | 4,737 (75.4) | 5,432 (70.2) | 6,353 (67.8) | 6,313 (67.9) | 6,190 (68.9)* |
| Injection N (%) | 6,774 (11.7) | 8,422 (12.0) | 9,400 (11.3) | 10,094 (10.2) | 13,637 (11.1) | 18,164 (12.6) | 24,042 (14.4) | 31,264 (16.2) | 28,780 (17.0) | 27,903 (18.1)* |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| male | 3,922 (12.8) | 4,833 (12.9) | 5,417 (12.1) | 5,647 (10.8) | 7,808 (12.1) | 10,390 (13.5) | 13,653 (15.4) | 17,370 (16.9) | 16,079 (17.9) | 15,188 (18.7)* |
| female | 2,845 (10.4) | 3,587 (11.0) | 3,982 (10.3) | 4,440 (9.6) | 5,827 (10.1) | 7,772 (11.5) | 10,385 (13.4) | 13,889 (15.3) | 12,697 (16.0) | 12,714 (17.5)* |
| Age, years | ||||||||||
| 12–17 | 66 (6.3) | 73 (6.0) | 70 (5.2) | 68 (4.2) | 142 (5.9) | 228 (7.7) | 243 (8.3) | 265 (8.9) | 184 (8.5) | 120 (7.8) |
| 18–24 | 1,939 (15.0) | 2,403 (14.5) | 2,656 (13.1) | 3,084 (12.3) | 4,280 (13.4) | 6,102 (15.5) | 8,061 (17.2) | 10,236 (19.5) | 8,721 (20.7) | 7,454 (22.4)* |
| 25–34 | 2,457 (13.1) | 3,167 (13.5) | 3,789 (12.9) | 4,135 (11.4) | 5,791 (12.1) | 7,892 (13.6) | 10,820 (15.7) | 14,914 (17.9) | 14,068 (18.9) | 14,311 (20.5)* |
| 35–44 | 1,413 (9.5) | 1,706 (10.6) | 1,667 (9.2) | 1,724 (8.7) | 2,115 (9.4) | 2,514 (10.2) | 3,216 (12.0) | 3,894 (12.6) | 3,939 (13.9) | 4,110 (14.6)* |
| 45–54 | 816 (9.3) | 955 (9.3) | 1,015 (8.8) | 921 (7.3) | 1,081 (7.6) | 1,169 (7.8) | 1,382 (8.7) | 1,543 (8.6) | 1,542 (9.6) | 1,480 (9.9) |
| 55 and older | 83 (4.7) | 118 (5.2) | 203 (7.7) | 162 (5.3) | 228 (6.0) | 259 (5.9) | 320 (6.4) | 412 (6.8) | 326 (5.6) | 428 (6.9) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 5,662 (11.9) | 6,990 (12.3) | 8,153 (11.5) | 8,888 (10.4) | 12,002 (11.4) | 15,843 (13.0) | 21,182 (14.8) | 27,908 (16.8) | 25,866 (17.9) | 25,025 (19.3)* |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 195 (7.4) | 205 (7.2) | 271 (8.1) | 200 (5.6) | 237 (5.6) | 326 (6.5) | 360 (6.5) | 478 (6.4) | 449 (6.4) | 426 (6.1) |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 226 (14.0) | 280 (13.1) | 364 (14.4) | 423 (12.7) | 469 (11.9) | 653 (13.0) | 818 (14.5) | 904 (14.9) | 918 (14.8) | 940 (15.3) |
| Hispanic | 149 (8.0) | 230 (8.9) | 237 (7.2) | 254 (6.7) | 393 (7.9) | 600 (9.6) | 857 (11.1) | 1,148 (12.2) | 1,168 (12.6) | 1,056 (11.8) |
| Smoking or Inhalation N (%) | 8,862 (15.3) | 11,308 (62.0) | 14,820 (17.8) | 18,550 (18.8) | 24,264 (19.8) | 30,811 (21.4) | 39,693 (23.8) | 49,029 (25.3) | 41,352 (24.5) | 35,393 (23.0)* |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| male | 5,463 (17.8) | 7,006 (18.7) | 8,960 (20.1) | 11,314 (21.5) | 14,564 (22.5) | 18,581 (24.2) | 23,487 (26.4) | 28,540 (27.8) | 24,383 (27.2) | 20,856 (25.7)* |
| female | 3,396 (12.4) | 4,296 (13.2) | 5,857 (15.1) | 7,229 (15.6) | 9,689 (16.8) | 12,228 (18.2) | 16,200 (20.9) | 20,479 (22.6) | 16,962 (21.4) | 14,532 (20.0)* |
| Age, years | ||||||||||
| 12–17 | 322 (30.7) | 344 (28.3) | 442 (32.7) | 513 (31.7) | 765 (31.8) | 980 (33.2) | 1,094 (37.4) | 1,200 (40.1) | 895 (41.1) | 607 (39.5)* |
| 18–24 | 3,501 (27.0) | 4,474 (27.0) | 5,935 (29.2) | 7,628 (30.3) | 9,778 (30.7) | 12,837 (32.7) | 16,730 (35.7) | 19,916 (38.0) | 15,803 (37.4) | 11,632 (35.0)* |
| 25–34 | 2,787 (14.8) | 3,805 (16.2) | 5,335 (18.1) | 6,906 (19.0) | 9,484 (19.9) | 11,944 (20.6) | 15,828 (22.9) | 20,108 (24.1) | 17,438 (23.4) | 15,943 (22.9)* |
| 35–44 | 1,470 (9.9) | 1,643 (10.2) | 2,020 (11.2) | 2,240 (11.3) | 2,787 (12.4) | 3,350 (13.6) | 4,077 (15.2) | 5,277 (17.1) | 4,831 (17.0) | 4,843 (17.2)* |
| 45–54 | 605 (6.9) | 819 (8.0) | 883 (7.6) | 1,033 (8.1) | 1,189 (8.4) | 1,351 (9.0) | 1,611 (10.1) | 2,077 (11.6) | 1,908 (11.9) | 1,886 (12.6)* |
| 55 and older | 177 (10.0) | 223 (9.8) | 205 (7.8) | 230 (7.5) | 261 (6.9) | 349 (8.0) | 353 (7.1) | 451 (7.5) | 477 (8.2) | 482 (7.8) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 6,929 (14.6) | 8,906 (15.7) | 12,368 (17.5) | 15,886 (18.6) | 20,768 (19.8) | 26,223 (21.4) | 34,608 (24.2) | 43,015 (25.9) | 36,136 (25.0) | 30,315 (23.4)* |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 540 (20.4) | 549 (19.4) | 531 (15.9) | 477 (13.3) | 514 (12.2) | 626 (12.5) | 751 (13.6) | 1,106 (14.8) | 1,057 (15.1) | 1,049 (15.1)* |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 390 (24.2) | 612 (28.6) | 605 (23.9) | 909 (27.4) | 1,125 (28.6) | 1,576 (31.3) | 1,785 (31.7) | 1,740 (28.6) | 1,918 (30.9) | 1,781 (29.1)* |
| Hispanic | 250 (13.4) | 341 (13.1) | 451 (13.8) | 487 (12.9) | 651 (13.1) | 949 (15.1) | 1,444 (18.7) | 1,875 (20.0) | 1,819 (19.6) | 1,744 (19.4)* |
*
p value for trend is statistically significant at p < 0.05.