TABLE II.
Measurement Agreement Between the VPS16 and Pupil Core and Their Respective Visual Inspections (VIs) Regarding Blink Frequency
| Activity | Average blinks per minute | MAE (MAPE) | Systematic bias ± LoA | Minutes analyzed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VI | VPS16 | ||||
| Healthcare education | 20.4 ± 8.9 | 37.3 ± 20.1 | 17.2 (105.4) | 16.9** ± 38.4 | 20 |
| Orienteering | 36.2 ± 12.8 | 72.5 ± 31.9 | 36.3 (97.1) | 36.3** ± 48.1 | 20 |
| Shooting training | 25.2 ± 7.7 | 38.1 ± 16.6 | 13.8 (56.3) | 12.9** ± 27.2 | 20 |
| Military marching training | 27.2 ± 9.5 | 54.1 ± 23.2 | 27.3 (137.6) | 27.3** ± 44.5 | 20 |
| Overall | 27.3 ± 11.3 | 50.6 ± 27.3 | 23.6 (99.1) | 23.3** ± 43.5 | 80 |
| VI | Pupil Core | ||||
| Healthcare education | 6.9 ± 5.7 | 5.2 ± 4.8 | 3.9 (53.7) | −1.7 ± 10.1 | 10 |
| Orienteering | – | – | – | – | – |
| Shooting training | 14.8 ± 4.1 | 12.0 ± 2.9 | 3.4 (22.5) | −2.8* ± 5.4 | 9 |
| Military marching training | 20.5 ± 5.7 | 3.0 ± 2.6 | 17.5 (86.9) | −17.5* ± 8.7 | 4 |
| Overall | 12.4 ± 7.2 | 7.5 ± 5.3 | 6.1 (47.2) | −4.9* ± 14.1 | 23 |
Average blinks per minute are presented as mean ± SD.
Abbreviations: LoA, limits of agreement; MAE, mean absolute error; MAPE, mean absolute percentage error; VI, visual inspection.
*
P ≤ .05;
**
P ≤ .001.