Table 1.
Characteristics of the study subjects.
| Variables | No DKD (n = 605; 65.26%) | DKD (n = 322; 34.74%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 54 (42-63) | 55 (46-65) | 0.017 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76 (67-80) | 78 (70-84) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120 (114-130) | 128(120-140) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 78 (75-86) | 78 (76-88) | 0.072 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.96 (23.00-27.35) | 25.80 (23.70-28.70) | <0.001 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 54 (52-56) | 54 (52-56) | 0.272 |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 39 (36-41) | 40 (37-42) | 0.007 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92 (85-97) | 93 (88-100) | 0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 96 (93-100) | 96 (93-101) | 0.106 |
| Duration of diabetes (months) | 61 (1-141) | 98 (12-171) | 0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 6.91 (5.62-8.53) | 7.67 (5.98-9.48) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.50 (7.20-10.45) | 9.25 (7.50-11.00) | 0.002 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 145 (132-154) | 137 (124-149) | <0.001 |
| Erythrocyte (×1012/L) | 4.75 (4.38-5.05) | 4.53 (4.14-4.92) | <0.001 |
| Leukocyte (×109/L) | 5.99 (5.09-7.07) | 6.54 (5.49-7.75) | <0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 20 (14-35) | 20 (14-30) | 0.305 |
| AST (IU/L) | 18 (15-25) | 18 (15-25) | 0.365 |
| γ-GT (IU/L) | 24 (16-40) | 27 (18-41) | 0.003 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 43.2 (40.8-45.5) | 42.3 (39.3-45.0) | 0.001 |
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.22 (4.15-6.86) | 5.72 (4.45-7.70) | 0.007 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 58.4 (47.8-67.5) | 59.4 (45.4-80.6) | 0.134 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 317.0 (256.5-376.0) | 328.6 (277.0-401.3) | 0.002 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.58 (1.14-2.27) | 1.87 (1.40-2.77) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.56 (3.71-5.23) | 4.69 (3.83-5.49) | 0.060 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.91 (0.79-1.09) | 0.90 (0.78-1.05) | 0.366 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.60 (1.91-3.17) | 2.57 (1.92-3.33) | 0.734 |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.2 (0.5-2.6) | 1.9 (0.8-4.5) | <0.001 |
| UACR (μg/mg) | 12.99 (8.79-19.02) | 74.87 (41.88-244.78) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 111.00 (101.15-122.95) | 105.68 (87.21-119.38) | <0.001 |
| Sex(male/female) | 402/203 | 179/143 | 0.001 |
| Educational level (under high school/high school or above) | 305/300 | 143/179 | 0.082 |
| Hypertension(no/yes) | 361/244 | 118/204 | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia(no/yes) | 454/151 | 225/97 | 0.091 |
| CCA plaque(no/yes) | 344/261 | 147/175 | 0.001 |
Data were numbers or median (interquartile range). Continuous variables used Mann-Whitney U test and categorical variables used chi-squared test for comparing the baseline characteristics of patients with diabetic kidney disease and without diabetic kidney disease.
DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; γ-GT, γ-glutamyl transferase; HDL-C - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hs - CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; UACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular infiltration rate; CCA plaque, common carotid artery plaque; DKD, diabetic kidney disease.