Table 1.

Diagnostic performance of the scent detection dogs in test scenario I (Acute COVID-19 vs. Long COVID).

Dog	Detection	SARS-CoV-2 disease status		Total number of presented samples	Diagnostic specificity (Sp)	Diagnostic sensitivity (Se)	Confidence interval (95% CI) Sp	Confidence interval (95% CI) Se	Positive predictive value (PPV)	Negative predictive value (NPV)	Confidence interval (95% CI) PPV	Confidence interval (95% CI) NPV	Accuracy	Fisher‘s exact test, p-value
		acute	long COVID
Lotta	Yes	10	4	73	0.9344	0.833	0.8432–0.9742	0.5520–0.9704	0.7143	0.9661	0.4535–0.8828	0.8846–0.994	0.9178	<0.0001
	No	2	57
Baila	Yes	8	3	78	0.9545	0.6667	0.8747–0.9876	0.3906–0.8619	0.7273	0.9403	0.4344–0.9025	0.8563–0.9765	0.9103	<0.0001
	No	4	63
Füge	Yes	10	6	61	0.8824	1	0.7662–0.9449	0.7225–1	0.625	1	0.3864–0.8152	0.9213–1	0.9016	<0.0001
	No	0	45
Joe	Yes	10	0	86	1	0.8333	0.9507–1	0.5520–0.9704	1	0.9737	0.7225–1	0.9090–0.9953	0.9767	<0.0001
	No	2	74
Vine	Yes	10	2	50	0.9487	0.9091	0.8311–0.9909	0.6226–0.9953	0.8333	0.9737	0.5520–0.9704	0.8651–0.9987	0.9400	<0.0001
	No	1	37
Bella	Yes	10	0	68	1	1	0.9379–1	0.7225–1	1	1	0.7225–1	0.9379–1	1	<0.0001
	No	0	58
Filou	Yes	10	2	58	0.9583	1	0.8602–0.9926	0.7225–1	0.8333	1	0.5520–0.9704	0.9229–1	0.9655	<0.0001
	No	0	46
Erec	Yes	9	1	70	0.9825	0.6923	0.9071–0.9991	0.4237–0.8732	0.9	0.9333	0.5958–0.9949	0.8407–0.9738	0.9286	<0.0001
	No	4	56
					Mean Sp	Mean Se	95% CI of mean Sp	95% CI of mean Se	Mean PPV	Mean NPV	95% CI of mean PPV	95% CI of mean NPV	Mean accuracy	95% CI of mean accuracy
					0.9576	0.8668	0.9252-0.99	0.7539-0.9798	0.8292	0.9734	0.7158–0.9425	0.9513–0.9955	0.9426	0.9134–0.9717