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. 2022 Jun 6;9:838762. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838762

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Copyright © 2022 Liu, Chen, Liu, Luo, Chen, Fu, Xu, Wu, Li and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forest plot of studies of potential toxic trace elements in subjects with breast cancer vs. non-breast cancer controls. (A) Forest plot of studies of Cd levels in subjects with breast cancer vs. non-breast cancer controls. (B) Forest plot of studies of Pb levels in subjects with breast cancer vs. non-breast cancer controls. The standard mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model. Cd, cadmium; Pb, lead.